Purpose: A literature research conducted in education and agricultural education journals published during a period of 10 years revealed that 98% of the studies used parametric analyses. In general, model assumptions were not tested, and statistical criteria were not followed to apply the parametric approach. The objective of this paper is to…

Often in sociology, researchers are confronted with nonnormal variables whose joint distribution they wish to explore. Yet, assumptions of common measures of dependence can fail or estimating such dependence is computationally intensive. This article presents the copula method for modeling the joint distribution of two random variables, including…

Presents an overview of a wide range of measurement models currently available to the analyst who needs to make accurate and valid inferences about respondents and stimuli from data. Reviews models with and without predictor variables or observed and latent predictors, as well as parametric and nonparametric models, and models for order-restricted…