This paper describes a tutorial lesson to give teachers a model against which to compare and contrast a variety of instances of such lessons, and to help them to eventually come to a personal position on what constitutes a tutorial computer lesson. Three flow charts are provided as examples of tutorial style episodes. This resource for preservice…

A generative computer-assisted instruction system is being developed to tutor students in analytical geometry. The basis of this development is the thesis that a generative teaching system can be developed by establishing and then stimulating a simplified, explicit model of the human tutor. The goal attempted is that of a computer environment…

Explores how new, operational models of cognition processing developed in Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be applied in computer assisted instruction (CAI) systems. CAI systems are surveyed in terms of their goals and formalisms, and a model for the development of a tutorial CAI system for algebra problem solving is introduced. (Author)

Discusses the nature of instructional design and describes rapid prototyping as a feasible model for instructional system design (ISD). The use of prototyping in software engineering is described, similarities between software design and instructional design are discussed, and an example is given which uses rapid prototyping in designing a…

Student modeling--the task of building dynamic models of student ability--is fraught with uncertainty, caused by such factors as multiple sources of student errors, careless errors and lucky guesses, learning and forgetting. Within the context of the Sherlock intelligent tutoring systems project, we have been experimenting with various ways of…

This paper discusses a range of teaching styles possible for use in Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction (ICAI) and suggests that they may usefully be thought of as points within a framework of guided discovery teaching methods. The nature of guidance in tutoring and possible ways of providing guidance are discussed in the context of…

Considers two basic models of the teaching-learning process, described as the didactic and the communication models, and applies them to computer assisted learning. Conventional and intelligent tutorials and simulation are used as examples to compare the amount of control students have over learning strategy, content manipulation, and domain…

Discusses the relationships between knowledge structure, teachers, and learners. Implications for designing an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) are considered; and it is argued that an ITS must model the world, the learner, and teacher-learner interaction to be successful. Experiments conducted to assess the practical usefulness of several…

This paper summarizes some of the current approaches to student modelling in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and proposes ways in which learning algorithms can be applied in ITS. The role of machine learning in tutoring systems is described, including student modelling, teaching strategies, and collaborative learning. The PIXIE system and the…

This paper describes a paradigm for tutorial systems capable of automatically providing feedback and hints in a game environment. The paradigm is illustrated by a tutoring system for the PLATO game "How the West Was Won." The system uses a computer-based "Expert" player to evaluate a student's moves and construct a "differential model" of the…

Describes a computer program that allows undergraduate students to undertake nomenclature tutorials in organic chemistry, where user response is evaluated based on a set of rules that determine appropriate feedback. Design of the software is described, including the use of computer graphics, and results of students' evaluations are briefly…

Discusses the development of computer-managed instruction (CMI) and possible changes for the future. Topics addressed include the management function; the current tutorial method that focuses on verbal learning; a closer relationship to performance and practice; resolving conflicting goals in computer-based training; and the psychology of…

This report describes a specific approach to two current trends in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) research: (1) an emphasis on metacognitive skills which are not domain specific; and (2) a move away from viewing ITS research as being exclusively concerned with "knowledge communication." A human-computer dialogue model designed to…

Because interaction is the only observable information people have about teaching processes, it follows that the primary aspect of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) is interaction, and that future work on domains or student models should be driven by the needs identified in the study of interaction. This paper begins by examining the idea of…

The scientific and technical publications summarized in this report describe research on intelligent instructional systems sponsored by the Personnel and Training Research Programs, Psychological Sciences Division, of the Office of Naval Research. Abstracts of the following papers are presented: (1) "Understanding Reflective Problem…