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Peer reviewedKenneth A. Frank; Qinyun Lin; Spiro J. Maroulis – Grantee Submission, 2024
In the complex world of educational policy, causal inferences will be debated. As we review non-experimental designs in educational policy, we focus on how to clarify and focus the terms of debate. We begin by presenting the potential outcomes/counterfactual framework and then describe approximations to the counterfactual generated from the…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Observation, Educational Policy
Direct linkSchweig, Jonathan David; Pane, John F. – International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 2016
Demands for scientific knowledge of what works in educational policy and practice has driven interest in quantitative investigations of educational outcomes, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have proliferated under these conditions. In educational settings, even when individuals are randomized, both experimental and control students are…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Educational Research, Multivariate Analysis, Models
