The concept of bidirectionality represents a process of mutual influence between parent and child, whereby each influences the other as well as the dyadic relationship. Despite the widespread acceptance of bidirectional models of influence, there is still a lack of integration of such models in current research designs. Research on…

Studies of the interactions within the Carroll model of learning, in which degree of learning is considered a function of the ratio of time spent to time needed, are described and evaluated. Evidence in previous research, which focused on the interaction of quality of instruction and ability to understand instruction on degree of learning, time…

This book provides an overview of research on current developments and problems in the training of teachers. A full discussion of the task of conceptualizing teaching skills leads to a critical review of recent research into the effects of various types of teaching behavior upon pupils. The book questions whether or not there are teaching…

This speech presents the use of experimental designs and research procedures to help counselors develop effective treatment methods for clients. Baseline and treatment phases are delineated as the two basic phases occuring in most "N=1" designs. These designs are divided into the categories of single and multiple time series designs. The…

Discovery of which learner characteristics or aptitudes interact with different methods of instruction is the objective of this research study. A model is used to match the cognitive, motivational, value, and sensory orientations of the student with forms of presentation considered compatible with characteristics of the learner. Description of the…