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Daliri, Ayoub – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: The speech motor system uses feedforward and feedback control mechanisms that are both reliant on prediction errors. Here, we developed a state-space model to estimate the error sensitivity of the control systems. We examined (a) whether the model accounts for the error sensitivity of the control systems and (b) whether the two systems…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Psychomotor Skills, Prediction, Error Patterns
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Worthy, Darrell A.; Markman, Arthur B.; Maddox, W. Todd – Brain and Cognition, 2013
We examined how feedback delay and stimulus offset timing affected declarative, rule-based and procedural, information-integration category-learning. We predicted that small feedback delays of several hundred milliseconds would lead to the best information-integration learning based on a highly regarded neurobiological model of learning in the…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Classification, Stimuli, Learning Processes
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DeCarlo, Lawrence T.; Kim, YoungKoung; Johnson, Matthew S. – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2011
The hierarchical rater model (HRM) recognizes the hierarchical structure of data that arises when raters score constructed response items. In this approach, raters' scores are not viewed as being direct indicators of examinee proficiency but rather as indicators of essay quality; the (latent categorical) quality of an examinee's essay in turn…
Descriptors: Responses, Essay Tests, Models, Scores
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Maslovat, Dana; Carlsen, Anthony N.; Franks, Ian M. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
We investigated the processes underlying stimulus-response compatibility by using a lateralized auditory stimulus in a simple and choice reaction time (RT) paradigm. Participants were asked to make either a left or right key lift in response to either a control (80dB) or startling (124dB) stimulus presented to either the left ear, right ear, or…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Models, Auditory Perception, Human Body
DeCarlo, Lawrence T. – Educational Testing Service, 2010
A basic consideration in large-scale assessments that use constructed response (CR) items, such as essays, is how to allocate the essays to the raters that score them. Designs that are used in practice are incomplete, in that each essay is scored by only a subset of the raters, and also unbalanced, in that the number of essays scored by each rater…
Descriptors: Test Items, Responses, Essay Tests, Scoring
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Leotti, Lauren A.; Wager, Tor D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Psychological research has placed great emphasis on inhibitory control due to its integral role in normal cognition and clinical disorders. The stop-signal task and associated measure--stop-signal reaction time (SSRT)--provides a well-established paradigm for measuring response inhibition. However, motivational influences on stop-signal…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Psychological Studies, Models, Incentives
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McLachlan, Neil; Wilson, Sarah – Psychological Review, 2010
The model presents neurobiologically plausible accounts of sound recognition (including absolute pitch), neural plasticity involved in pitch, loudness and location information integration, and streaming and auditory recall. It is proposed that a cortical mechanism for sound identification modulates the spectrotemporal response fields of inferior…
Descriptors: Attention, Identification, Auditory Perception, Short Term Memory
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Eckstein, Doris; Perrig, Walter J. – Cognition, 2007
Unconscious perception is commonly described as a phenomenon that is not under intentional control and relies on automatic processes. We challenge this view by arguing that some automatic processes may indeed be under intentional control, which is implemented in task-sets that define how the task is to be performed. In consequence, those prime…
Descriptors: Intention, Classification, Semantics, Perception
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Albert, Marc K. – Psychological Review, 2007
P. J. Kellman and T. F. Shipley (1992) and P. J. Kellman, P. Garrigan, and T. F. Shipley (2005) suggested that completion of partly occluded objects and illusory objects involve the same or similar mechanisms at critical stages of contour interpolation. B. L. Anderson, M. Singh, and R. W. Fleming and B. L. Anderson (2007) presented a number of…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Visual Perception, Models, Feedback
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Proulx, Michael J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2007
Understanding the relative role of top-down and bottom-up guidance is crucial for models of visual search. Previous studies have addressed the role of top-down and bottom-up processes in search for a conjunction of features but with inconsistent results. Here, the author used an attentional capture method to address the role of top-down and…
Descriptors: Probability, Predictor Variables, Visual Perception, Models
Lyons-Ruth, Karlen – 1975
An experiment was performed to show that infants perceive auditory and visual stimuli within a common space and that they perceive the sound as an attribute of the visual object. Subjects were 22 infants aged 3 to 5 months. Each infant was presented with a toy that moved in a small arc from side to side of a small window at the rate of one arc per…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Behavior Patterns, Cognitive Development, Infant Behavior
Forsyth, G. Alfred; Huber, R. John – 1974
Any theory of information processing must address both what is processed and how that processing takes place. Most studies investigating variables which alter physical dimension utilization have ignored the large individual differences in selective attention or cue utilization. A paradigm was developed using an individual focus on information…
Descriptors: Attention, Cognitive Processes, Factor Analysis, Homogeneous Grouping
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Wright, Patricia – Journal of Applied Psychology, 1971
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Language
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Cohen, Asher; Shoup, Rachel – Cognitive Psychology, 1997
Experiments involving a total of 114 college students from Indiana and Israel demonstrate that the initial analysis of visual objects into features from different dimensions strongly constrains postperceptual processes of response selection. A model of response selection is proposed to account for the findings. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Higher Education, Models
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Roelofs, Ardi – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2007
Simple name-retrieval models of spoken word planning (Bloem & La Heij, 2003; Starreveld & La Heij, 1996) maintain (1) that there are two levels in word planning, a conceptual and a lexical phonological level, and (2) that planning a word in both object naming and oral reading involves the selection of a lexical phonological representation.…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Morphemes, Information Retrieval, Phonology
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