All language use reflects the user's social identity in systematic ways. While humans can easily adapt to this sociolinguistic variation, automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems continue to struggle with it. This dissertation makes three main contributions. The first is to provide evidence that modern state-of-the-art commercial ASR systems…

Visualizing anatomical structures and functional processes in three dimensions (3D) are important skills for medical students. However, contemplating 3D structures mentally and interpreting biomedical images can be challenging. This study examines the impact of a new pedagogical approach to teaching neuroanatomy, specifically how building a…

The purpose of this study is to explore the associations among learning motivation, engagement and outcomes, and the moderating role of various traits in the relationship between deep approaches to learning and outcomes. Based on data from 2,340 students in multiple universities in Taiwan, this study proposes two alternative models, tested by…

This literature review focuses on the confirmed, suspected, and speculative effects of violent and non-violent video game exposure on negative and positive outcomes. Negative outcomes include aggressive feelings, aggressive thoughts, aggressive behavior, physiological arousal, and desensitization, whereas positive outcomes include various types of…

Examined effects of the self-concept, perception of spouse's evaluation, and spouse's actual evaluation on marital quality using interviews with 294 couples. The findings supported the prediction of a relationship between the three components of the reflected self-concept and marital quality and led to a reassessment of the…

Presents a theory of self-knowledge, a method of measuring it, research identifying four stages in its development, and strategies for increasing self-knowledge through education and counseling. (Author)

Examined the relationship of depressed mood to role problems and self-concept in married women using a causal model based on path analysis. Wives' perceptions of husbands' evaluations directly affected their depressed mood and mediated the effect of role disagreement on depressed mood. (MCF)

For more than a quarter of a century self-esteem increasingly has been viewed as the magic key to success and happiness. Earned self-esteem is based on learning to tolerate frustration and delay, to care for others, to work hard, and to persevere in the face of obstacles. These tasks of developing relationships and competencies enable one to…

The study attempts to demonstrate movement in adult learning from particularization to symbolization to internalization (value choice) through use of a Counseling-Learning Model. Adult resistance to learning is dealt with through application of counseling awarenesses to the learning situation. If the adult learner can be freed from threat to…

Vroom's cognitive model, which proposes to both explain and predict an individual's level of work productivity by drawing on the construct motivation, is discussed and three hypotheses generated: (1) that Vroom's model does predict performance in a non-industrial setting; (2) that it predicts self-perceived performance better than measures…

Differences in self-satisfaction between the employed and the newly unemployed vary according to: (1) amount of concomitant change in social, family, and economic role; (2) relative importance of the status change among subgroups (male vs. female, white collar vs. blue collar); and (3) individual's attribution of cause for the status change (own…

Two studies examined the place of emotion in self-construct models. The first presented three categories of adolescent identity types: connected, contracted, and expanded. The second verified that the contracted and expanded categories were more typical of adolescents than of children or adults. (MDM)

A causal model for career choice was tested on longitudinal data from 173 students. Results showed clear sex differences. Psychological profit with regard to continued education had a clear direct effect as well as an indirect effect on career choice. (Author)

A reflection-construction model of relations between social perception and social reality is presented that explicitly specifies several ways in which social perception may relate to social reality. Evidence supporting this model also supports a weaker version of the social-constructivist view. (SLD)

The Invitational Learning model, developed by William Purkey and others, is a philosophical framework for counseling and development based on perceptual theory that emphasizes the importance of an "inviting" stance in human interaction. This paper focuses on the inviting process and its application to professional helping relationships.…