Supported by the United States Office of Education, Small Projects Program, Grant No. 7-E-103.

In order to name and classify a plant they see, children use their existing mental models to provide the plant with a name and classification. In this study, pupils of a range of ages (4,8,11 and 14 years old) were presented with preserved specimens of six different plants (strictly, five plants and a fungus) and asked a series of questions about…

P. M. Lewinsohn has theorized that depression is related to the amount of positive reinforcement that an individual receives. Lewinsohn has supported this model in adults by showing that depression is correlated with an increase in unpleasant activities and a decrease in pleasant activities. This study extended Lewinsohn's model by developing…

Research was conducted to re-emphasize the importance of functional differences among jobs by showing how they help to better explain the income and status differences that are the main concern of recent stratification research. Status attainment, social class, and vocational psychological approaches to occupational and social differences were…