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Lang, LingLing; Irby, Beverly J.; Brown, Genevieve – International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 2012
For more than 2000 years, Confucian teaching has had tremendous influence on the history, politics, economy, and culture of East Asian countries and regions. Despite the rapid growth in gross domestic product (GDP), people's standard of living, and economic advancements, Confucian Asia continues to adhere to the Confucian cultural values that they…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Leadership, Models, Cultural Differences
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Mitchell, Douglas E.; Spady, William G. – Educational Administration Quarterly, 1983
To clarify "power" and "authority," the authors review the concepts' history, examine contemporary concepts of social control, identify four authority modes (based on social relations and controls), derive four power resources from these modes, discuss persuasion and exchange as social control mechanisms, and demarcate…
Descriptors: Classification, Intergroup Relations, Interpersonal Relationship, Models
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Chafetz, Janet Saltzman – Journal of Family Issues, 1980
There are four strategies spouses may attempt to employ in cases of conflict: authority, control, influence, and manipulation. Rates of marital dissolution are a function of the relative equality between spouses in terms of the types of conflict-resolution strategies they are able to employ. (Author)
Descriptors: Conflict Resolution, Decision Making, Divorce, Industrialization