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What Are the Odds? Modern Relevance and Bayes Factor Solutions for MacAlister's Problem from the 1881 "Educational Times"
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Jamil, Tahira; Marsman, Maarten; Ly, Alexander; Morey, Richard D.; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2017
In 1881, Donald MacAlister posed a problem in the "Educational Times" that remains relevant today. The problem centers on the statistical evidence for the effectiveness of a treatment based on a comparison between two proportions. A brief historical sketch is followed by a discussion of two default Bayesian solutions, one based on a…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Evidence, Comparative Analysis, Problem Solving
Bayesian Evaluation of Inequality and Equality Constrained Hypotheses for Contingency Tables
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Klugkist, Irene; Laudy, Olav; Hoijtink, Herbert – Psychological Methods, 2010
In this article, a Bayesian model selection approach is introduced that can select the best of a set of inequality and equality constrained hypotheses for contingency tables. The hypotheses are presented in terms of cell probabilities allowing researchers to test (in)equality constrained hypotheses in a format that is directly related to the data.…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Models, Selection, Probability
Some Posterior Standard Deviations in Item Response Theory
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Kim, Seock-Ho – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2007
The procedures required to obtain the approximate posterior standard deviations of the parameters in the three commonly used item response models for dichotomous items are described and used to generate values for some common situations. The results were compared with those obtained from maximum likelihood estimation. It is shown that the use of…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Computation, Comparative Analysis, Evaluation Methods
The Estimation Of True Score Variance And Error Variance In The Classical Test Theory Model
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Jackson, Paul H. – Psychometrika, 1973
This paper deals with the situation where scores on a number of parallel tests are obtained for each of a set of persons, and these persons are assumed to constitute, in so far as their scores for the tests are concerned, a random sample from some population of interest. (Author)
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Bayesian Statistics, Measurement, Models
Cue Utilization in a Numerical Prediction Task
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Lichtenstein, Sarah; And Others – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1975
Forty subjects were trained to make numerical predictions of a criterion from a cue. (Editor)
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Cues, Experimental Psychology, Models
Processing the Information Contained in Another's Behavior
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Trope, Yaacov; Burnstein, Eugene – Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1975
This study investigates attributions based on behavior congruent with situational demands (in-role) and those based on behavior incongruent with situational demands (out-of-role). (Editor)
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Behavior, Experimental Psychology, Information Processing
A Bayesian Approach to the Evaluation of FIPSE Programs: Women's Inner City Educational Resource Service. Final Report.
Saar, Shalom; And Others – 1978
The Multi-Attribute Utilities Theory (MAUT), a model for the evaluation of public postsecondary programs, is presented and is applied to a study of WINNERS (Women's Inner-City Educational Resources Service) with an analysis of the effects of the model on the program. The first chapter provides an overview of the MAUT approach, outlining 16 steps…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Evaluation Methods, Federal Programs, Higher Education