There has been considerable debate in the literature about the relative merits of information processing versus dynamical approaches to understanding cognitive processes. In this article, we explore the relationship between these two styles of explanation using a model agent evolved to solve a relational categorization task. Specifically, we…

Interacting with a system is key to uncovering its causal structure. A computational framework for interventional causal learning has been developed over the last decade, but how real causal learners might achieve or approximate the computations entailed by this framework is still poorly understood. Here we describe an interactive computer task in…

Human participants and recurrent ("connectionist") neural networks were both trained on a categorization system abstractly similar to natural language systems involving irregular ("strong") classes and a default class. Both the humans and the networks exhibited staged learning and a generalization pattern reminiscent of the…

Three experiments were designed to examine how experience affects young children's spatio-symbolic skills over short time scales. Spatio-symbolic reasoning refers to the ability to interpret and use spatial relations, such as those encountered on a map, to solve symbolic tasks. We designed three tasks in which the featural and spatial…

Purpose: This case study aims to demonstrate that lean principles and practices utilized in industry can be successfully applied to improve higher education administrative processes through an innovative and engaging learning experience involving undergraduate students. Design/methodology/approach: This is a first-hand account by the instructor of…

This resource guide for the use of job aids ("how-to-do-it" guidance) for activities identified in the first phase of the Instructional Systems Development Model (ISD) contains an introduction to the use of job aids, as well as descriptive authoring flowcharts for Blocks I.2 through I.5. The introduction includes definitions;…

The instructional model presented describes a system which is now being implemented by the United States Navy, but can be generalized to educational program development in other areas. (Author)

Logical analysis of the purpose of teaching--to bring about appropriate changes in learners--should result in identification of the elements of teaching behavior which effects appropriate changes. These elements are the logical objectives for a program of teacher education and the criteria for assessing teacher effectiveness. By successively…

Curriculum developers must work hard to avoid the "what errors" of curriculum development. They must avoid failing to teach what should be taught and teaching what is no longer relevant and needed. Curriculum "what errors" are likely to occur when teachers design courses so as to teach what they know best, what they were…

Revision of paper presented at California Teacher's Association Staff Conference on Problem Solving (Asilomar, California, January 30, 1968).

Representative examples of task analysis procedures were examined for common components, methods, and terminology. Resulting generic components were categorized into the task analysis phases of task description and instructional analysis. The generalized model that is presented contains a consensus of procedures comprising educational and…

Distinguishes between the process and products of science and describes the role of each in Instructional Development (ID). The observe, hypothesize, test components of the scientific process are examined as they apply to front-end analysis, instructional strategy description, and formative evaluation stages used in ID models. Thirty-four…

Details a three-dimensional model developed by Control Data Education Services which provides for analysis of project needs, staffing project personnel, and tracking project tasks. Document support for implementing the model and staffing considerations are defined. (RAO)

The purpose of this study was to define the role and elements of a systems approach for training administrators; to develop a model to serve as a guide for educational and training planners; and to provide a set of criteria for the optimum utilization of resources. The literature was reviewed, specific graphic and mathematical analysis in…