This paper is aimed at demonstrating that Charles Spearman postulated neither a platonic true-error distinction nor a requirement for constant true scores under repeated measurement. (Author/RC)

This study examined the construct validity of the "e-rater"® automated essay scoring engine as an alternative to human scoring in the context of TOEFL® essay writing. Analyses were based on a sample of students who repeated the TOEFL within a short time period. Two "e-rater" scores were investigated in this study, the first…

In this paper, several models for the psychometric nature of criterion-referenced tests are presented and results derived with implications for test construction, reliability and validity measures, and educational decision making. Both dichotomous and continuous underlying abilities to perform are considered. Illustrative data fitting both cases…

A Paradigm for testing concept attainment, comprised of twelve tasks, was formulated. These tasks were hypothesized to form a cumulative hierarchy. Tests were constructed in mathematics and social studies using the paradigm. Data for these tests was analyzed by Kaiser's method for fitting a perfect simplex and Schonemann's method for fitting a…

Equivalence in reliability and validity across 4-point and 6-point scales was assessed by fitting different measurement models through confirmatory factor analysis of a multitrait-multimethod covariance matrix. Responses to nine Likert-type items designed to measure perceived quantitative ability, self-perceived usefulness of quantitative…

Two models were identified for criterion-referenced tests, one based on the assumption of a continuous achievement variable and the other assuming a dichotomous or binary variable. Several test characteristics were examined and contrasted for the two models, including the distribution of scores, establishment of a cutting score, test length, item…