This case study of Xavier University is part of a study of selected developing colleges and universities funded in the Advanced Program of Title III of the Higher Education Act. Xavier's unique role as the only historically Black Catholic college in the U.S. is noted and its recent financial crisis and resulting need for a sounder management system are examined. Its current state-of-development is reviewed. The historical development of the institution is reported along with its administrative structure and management system. Also discussed is Xavier's management effectiveness, including the attention paid to management needs, implementation of a viable management system, effectiveness of resource use and planning, quality and effectiveness of constituent involvement, and renewal capacity. It is concluded that Xavier has made difficult transitions accompanied by changes in structure and management and can serve as a model for similar black institutions. (LBH)