Taking a meta-theoretical perspective, this article presents a critical analytical model through which human knowledge, existence, and behaviour can be understood. The article describes the meta-theoretical model and then explains how this model applies to the evolution of seminal family therapy theories.

Fritz Redl (1902-1988) originated the life space model of therapeutic intervention with children who display angry and defiant behavior. His methods were honed by decades of direct work with highly aggressive youth. Redl observed that the same surface behavior could spring from very different underlying problems, thus requiring different…

Across a range of mammalian species, early developmental variations in fear-related behaviors constrain patterns of anxious behavior throughout life. Individual differences in anxiety among rodents and non-human primates have been shown to reflect early-life influences of genes and the environment on brain circuitry. However, in humans, the manner…

An intrinsically motivated behavior is one undertaken and enjoyed for its own sake, apart from external controls or ends. Expectancies are competence cues which focus on an individual's ability without providing objective information for ongoing comparison and competence development. This study focused on the role of affect in mediating the…

Research supported in part by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant HD-03573.

The richness of the information available in cross-classification tables, compared to the information conveyed in the typical correlation coefficient, is emphasized in this paper. The kinds of information to be found in cross-classification tables are described, and several examples of the use of cross-classification patterns in research are…

Farley's arousal/sensation-seeking model of delinquency was tested in part on a sample of adult male institutionalized addicts. The important implications of the environment for this biological approach to delinquency were discussed, and research directions suggested. (Author)

A model is presented for decision making in everyday living situations, suitable for children and adults. Called "choice awareness," the system views decision making as composed of caring, ruling, enjoying, sorrowing, and thinking/working choices, all of which may either positively or negatively influence both the decision-maker and those who…

Consists of two articles focusing on (1) a modern behavioral model that takes cues from Hippocrates' Four Temperaments and (2) use of a behavioral approach to improve the effectiveness of meetings. Lists positive and negative behaviors within the meeting context. (CH)

This article proposes a model for the experimental process involved in counseling groups composed of counselor trainees. The group setting provides members the opportunity to learn and practice facilitative behavior while achieving increased self-understanding and self-congruence. (Author)

Describes how the aid of interview instrument embodying behavioral criteria, responses from selected respondents are assigned to specified areas of the paradigm, bringing into sharp focus role agreement, role conflict, and role accommodation. (Author)

A theory of timing is proposed, based on the observation that signals of reinforcement elicit adjunctive behaviors. Transitions between these behaviors are described as a Poisson process. These behaviors may come to serve as the basis for conditional discriminations of the passage of time. (SLD)

It is proposed that for deduction tasks for which the necessary information is provided verbally, the heart of deduction for untrained participants involves repeatedly reencoding the problem, a behavior referred to as verbal reasoning. Model theory accounts of deduction behavior are consistent with verbal reasoning. (SLD)

Tests a team-learning model in a multimethod field study. A study of 51 work teams in a manufacturing company showed that team psychological safety is associated with learning behavior, but team efficacy is not, when controlling for team psychological safety. Learning behavior mediates between safety and performance. (54 references) (MLH)

Analysis of binary choice behavior in iterated tasks with immediate feedback reveals robust deviations from maximization that can be described as indications of 3 effects: (a) a payoff variability effect, in which high payoff variability seems to move choice behavior toward random choice; (b) underweighting of rare events, in which alternatives…