This study discusses innovation in inservice education and training of teachers (INSET) in the Federal Republic of Germany and Switzerland. The first section deals with the INSET program in relationship to each country's educational system. Section two describes three case studies. They include INSET during a six-month period at a teacher training…

This paper describes the instructional design and development of a college critical reading course based on a prescriptive and systematic five-step design model derived from instructional psychology. Emphasis is on the first three steps of instructional design: instructional problem analysis, determination of instructional objectives, and…

The purpose of the practicum was to improve specific supervisory skills of the administrators in the Newington (Connecticut) public schools. The practicum was also intended to increase the amount of time spent by administrators in various categories of supervisory activities. Treatment included administrative focusing efforts, a planned and…

The critical importance of planning in higher education is addressed. The challenge to planning is seen not just as alleviating the current pressures, but in assuring that the traditions of independence, creativity, and intellectual excellence survive. The planning process at Stanford University is described. For the university, the process of…

The purpose of this manual is to describe critical techniques and components that should be considered in a comprehensive program planning and evaluation system. It contains a general introductory section followed by sections on performance objectives, general assessment techniques, assessment techniques in the affective domain, process…

It is a difficult task to arrange a learning environment permitting each student to pursue, at all times, the types of activities that most appropriately meet his needs. The concept of individualized performance-based instruction is an attempt to realistically approach this task by diagnosing students' needs and interests related to desired…

In light of current research and evaluation criteria, the Gallup Evaluation Model (GEM I and GEM II) was developed and tested at Pennsylvania State University to assess effectiveness and efficiency of instructional developments. Alternative ways of teaching German I were evaluated according to five variables: amount of pupil time, course costs,…

The development of learning theory and its application to computer-assisted instruction (CAI) are described. Among the early theoretical constructs thought to be important are E. L. Thorndike's concept of learning connectisms, Neal Miller's theory of motivation, and B. F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning. Early devices incorporating those…

Offered as an aid for developing sequential occupational education programs, the publication presents a concept in career education planning beginning with kindergarten and continuing through adult years. Career education goals are defined, and steps in planning sequential programs are outlined as follows: (1) organization of the occupational…

The author uses a behavioral model to discuss probable and demonstrable conditions through which retardation might develop. Noted are criteria for etiological classification and explained are four reasons why terms such as cultural deprivation should not be used to label mentally retarded individuals. The need to consider developmental retardation…

This paper presents a model of an interactive mode for instructional research and development that might yield both curriculum products and scientific knowledge concerning learning and instruction. Curriculum development is discussed as an applied science and as an art, using specific research and development efforts conducted at the Learning…

This paper reports a longitudinal study of the mental health or pathology of a non-clinical population of 45 children from 4 to 6-years-old from an environment of economic, educational and cultural advantage. Data was collected annually on these children for a period of three years. Findings showed that the majority of children between four and…

In the first section of this two-part report, Donald H. Ecroyd discusses a proposed working model for developing speech programs which contains (1) a rationale for speaking and listening instruction at all levels, (2) a diagram of specific objectives and a schematic design for translating these into a speech program, (3) suggestions for classroom…

Children who have specific learning problems in spite of intact intelligence and sense organs require a type of instruction that is adapted to their particular learning assets and liabilities. The "systems model" that is described consists of two input-output cycles which involve the teacher and the school psychologist. The teacher makes…

The least understood of complex systems is that which produces educated people. Superficially, many key elements of a manufacturing organization are part of the system: a product, product tolerance limits, methods for assessing product deviation, and a feed-back system for making compensatory adjustments. In layman's terms these elements are:…