Emerging parallel processing and increased flexibility during the acquisition of cognitive skills form a combination that is hard to reconcile with rule-based models that often produce brittle behavior. Rule-based models can exhibit these properties by adhering to 2 principles: that the model gradually learns task-specific rules from instructions…

Recent experiments on the ski simulator produced ambiguous results and raised unanswered questions concerning the true nature of "novice" behavior and the occurrence of behavioral changes during learning. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the evolving behavior of three beginners during six practice sessions on a ski simulator. The…

This is a unique and groundbreaking collection of questions and answers coming from higher education institutions on diverse fields and across a wide spectrum of countries and cultures. It creates routes for further innovation, collaboration amidst the Sciences (both Natural and Social), the Humanities, and the private and public sectors of…

This study explores the impact of "Scientific Communication" (SC) skills instruction on students' performances in scientific literacy assessment tasks. We present a general model for skills instruction, characterized by explicit and spiral instruction, integration into content learning, practice in several scientific topics, and application of…

One of the greatest challenges that community colleges face in their efforts to increase graduation rates is improving the success of students in their developmental, or remedial, education programs. This literature review seeks to examine research on developmental education strategies and reforms and identify the most promising approaches for…

A workshop was developed to address what needs to be taught about listening and how students can be taught to listen effectively. The workshop suggests that listening must be taught as a skill, and presents a model that serves as a basis for understanding and teaching listening as a skill. Deciding how to teach listening can be based on examining…

This article describes the Training in Community Living Program, a new approach to chronic care in Wisconsin, which eliminates hospitalization and which teaches patients the coping skills necessary to live in the community. (Author/AM)

Presents a conceptual model for analyzing the relocation process and formulating possible interventions. Hypothesizes that relocation success requires psychological balance, and that balance can be facilitated with skills training in the areas of problem management; decision making; stress management; developing a support system; assertiveness;…

A detailed explanation of a strategy for teaching any critical thinking skill is presented. The skill of distinguishing between statements of fact and opinion is used to illustrate the steps necessary to plan for teaching critical thinking. (RM)

Discusses case presentation approach as mechanism for improving case conceptualization skills. Describes case presentation as dealing with three conceptualization tasks: (1) identifying and differentiating how observations and inferences provide evidence for clinical judgments; (2) describing components of counseling relationship; and (3)…

Suggests ways for instructional design consultants to develop people skills and foster successful client relationships: take win-win approach; match consulting models; study clients as you study problems; build common ground; study organizations as you study clients; be respectful, trustworthy, informative, slow to judge; express your needs, and…

Based on social skills and operant behavioral perspectives, an Environment and Skills Model of smoking acquisition and prevention is proposed. This model involves an integrated examination of the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences of smoking. The importance of the "consequence end" of this three-term contingency is discussed. (Author/CT)

First developed and tested in 1989, the Adventure Model suggests that as adventure participants become more skilled and specialized, they experience predictable changes in several participation behaviors. While previous studies supported the model, they were carried out with college students having similar skill and motivational characteristics.…

Proposes an extension of the solution-focused approach to consultation, shifting traditional emphasis from problems and deficits to solutions and strengths. Enumerates the basic assumptions of a solution-focused approach, provides a rationale for why the school setting and solution-focused consultation (SFC) work well together, and proposes steps…

Outlines a psycholinguistic framework for reading and spelling methodology at the preliminary stage. Based on the theory of metalinguistic development of A. Karmiloff-Smith and J. Gombert, the framework involves a three-step model for early reading and spelling instruction. The approach balances focus on meaning with focus on skill. (SLD)