Various models of educational evaluation are presented. These include: (1) the classical type model, which contains the following guidelines: formulate objectives, classify objectives, define objectives in behavioral terms, suggest situations in which achievement of objectives will be shown, develop or select appraisal techniques, and gather and…

Written for training directors and human resource developers who have had experience and now need a systematic way to plan new programs, this book presents a new way of thinking about human learning and of organizing programs which has been developed from the systems engineering field. A first chapter explains what is meant by "systems"…

In individualized instruction, the amount of recordkeeping which must be done can be best handled by computer. In this paper, the logistics of recordkeeping in elementary education is explored through a systems approach. A model is proposed which can be used manually to keep track of progress in various skills. The model can easily be adapted to…

This publication introduces a series of pamphlets describing the principles, purposes, and applications of the Management Organization Systems Technique (MOST), an eclectic management system which draws from many sources of data and integrates them specifically for vital management needs. In the MOST approach, five subsystems--planning, data…

Noting limitations of applying corporation techniques to universities, the author develops a model of decision-making which utilizes marketing techniques within a structure designed to encourage, sensitively record, and facilitate the efficient implementation of policy politically determined by the collision of various interests in continuing and…

The University of Toledo has applied a systems approach to the design of an academic program evaluation model. The systems approach seems to be the most appropriate because it emphasizes the whole system instead of component systems. Selected evaluation models are reviewed, Toledo's research paradigm is described, and the function of a university…

A systems-oriented approach to developing psychological services for children with orthopedic handicaps is based on community and ecological psychology principles and is grounded in: promotion of the individual's competencies; mutual interaction among the individual and his or her several environments; and intervention at organizational,…

Program theory and implementation process theory contribute, respectively, to specifying the what and the why of program delivery. This article discusses the relationship between these two theories and the types of data collection methods that can be derived from each in order to contribute to more comprehensive evaluation designs. (JAZ)

This article provides a flexible systems approach model for planning programs that includes seven steps: (1) assessing needs; (2) establishing priorities and responsibilities; (3) selecting goals and objectives; (4) allocating resources; (5) selecting teaching techniques; (6) evaluating outcomes; and (7) determining effectiveness. (JOW)

Develops a detailed profile of dysfunction and disablement in the open family system: its intrinsic defects, response to crisis, and likely process of breakdown when overstressed. Suggests that somatic symptoms of stress in children may grow out of accelerated independence combined with parental overinvolvement. (JAC)

Systematically identifies the stages in the development of legislative proposals affecting schools. Gives special recognition to alternative sources of power in state government in contrast to the "formal institution-association" concept of power. (Author/IRT)

A systems approach provides planning by which counselors can (a) specify what they are trying to accomplish in operational terms, (b) develop specific procedures to promote these objectives, (c) monitor the client's progress continuously, and (d) determine empirically whether or not the counseling goals have been accomplished. (Author)

To achieve the benefits of both efficiency and effectiveness requires that economists and educators at least be able to work together in developing and supporting educational strategies. (DM)