A systems model for the design and management of instruction in occupational fields is described. The model is broken down into these phases: (1) analysis, in which occupational tasks are specified via task analysis, tasks are restated as behavioral objectives and a sequence is specified for the objectives, (2) synthesis, in which instructional…

The purpose of this study was to define the role and elements of a systems approach for training administrators; to develop a model to serve as a guide for educational and training planners; and to provide a set of criteria for the optimum utilization of resources. The literature was reviewed, specific graphic and mathematical analysis in…

Product development has emerged very recently as an area of specialization within the field of education, having received its greatest impetus with the establishment of the federally funded educational research and development centers in 1964 and the regional educational laboratories in 1965. The first part of this three-part document defines…

Two new tools useful in curriculum development are the systems approach and functional job analysis. Functional job analysis defines the exact tasks of a specific job or occupation, restructures the tasks if necessary, states performance criteria for each task, and identifies the training and knowledge necessary for task performance. The systems…

Several concepts and techniques used to design computer simulation of human performance were employed in developing an information processing approach to task analysis. This new approach is compared and contrasted with Gagne's hierarchical task analysis model. Two conceptual levels of a behavioral objective are identified. One level, referred to…

The U.S. Navy's Strategic Weapon System training program has five principal components: needs assessment/task analysis (Personnel Performance Profile); instructional design (Training Path System); instructional development (Curricula); training implementation; and personnel and training evaluation. This training model illustrates how a program…

Discusses three phases of instructional design (ID)--definition of instructional parameters, analysis and synthesis of instructional alternatives, and implementation of instructional plan--and presents a 15-step ID model. Included for each step are a descriptive name, boxed example, and rationale and (as applicable) current state of technology for…

An outline of 44 evaluator tasks is discussed in terms of its usefulness in defining, evaluating, and improving the position of "educational evaluator ; in adapting the position to the needs of particular institutions; and in designing appropriate evaluator training programs. (JES)

Describes a three-phased needs assessment approach used to identify lending skills and knowledge for loan officers at Wells Fargo Bank. Beginning at the corporate level and ending with job-relevant assessment of individual employee skills, the program used diagnostic tests with a computer-based system for scoring and reporting results…

A theory is proposed of the processes which enable a subject to learn while solving a problem. One subject's protocol--including 224 steps and taking 90 minutes--is described. Adequacy of the mechanisms is guaranteed by a computer simulation of the processes in an adaptive production system. (Author/GDC)

Proposes a schematic multidisciplinary model to help developers of intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) identify the types of required expertise and integrate them into a system. Highlights include domain types and expertise; knowledge acquisition; task analysis; knowledge representation; student modeling; diagnosis of learning needs;…

The AccesSports Model allows professionals with basic knowledge of visual impairments and mainstream sports to analyze any sports activity and design adaptations needed for targets or goals, boundaries, and rules to enable individuals with visual impairments to participate. Suggestions for modifying baseball, table tennis, swim racing, wrestling,…

We assessed 19-month-olds' appreciation of the conventional nature of object labels versus desires. Infants played a finding game with an experimenter who stated her intention to find the referent of a novel word (word group), to find an object she wanted (desire group), or simply to look in a box (control group). A 2nd experimenter then…

This paper reviews the corpus of research on feedback, with a particular focus on formative feedback--defined as information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify the learner's thinking or behavior for the purpose of improving learning. According to researchers in the area, formative feedback should be multidimensional,…

The purpose of this project was to develop a prototype expert instructional design system (ID Expert) which would demonstrate the feasibility of a consultation system for use by inexperienced instructional designers. The prototype gathers information from the designer and then makes recommendations for instructional design decisions. The output of…