Educational research and development (R&D) has often been characterized as a neat, linear sequence of discrete steps, moving from research through development to evaluation and dissemination. Although the inadequacies of such linear models of educational research and development have been pointed out previously, these models have been so much…

A self-administered rating scale and an observational schedule were developed to assess the beliefs and behaviors of early childhood teachers in relation to constructs derived from Piagetian cognitive developmental theory and operant learning theory. Application was made to existent Piegetian and operant model early education programs. The results…

This paper presents a way to incorporate environmental education in the classroom through the preparation of teachers. The approach suggested is to train teachers to use literature in the humanities as focal points around which environmental issues can be discussed and analyzed in the classroom by students. Sections from one non-fiction work and…

Four experiments (involving a total of 158 children) demonstrated observationally-induced learning effects on multidimensional conservation tasks using brief, single session training. First grade samples of middle class Anglo-American, and economically disadvantaged Mexican-American children displayed gains in vicariously-induced conservation as…

Eleventh grade male students participated in this study designed to promote career information-seeking and information-processing behavior. Three experimental treatments were administered: (1) structured group stimulus materials, (2) group social modeling, and (3) group social modeling combined with discussion. Three control procedures were…

Four papers on research and innovation in military training within the Army Training system deal with procedures for individualizing training, the Project IMPACT prototype system of computer assisted and programed instructions, student motivation and performance, and prospects for the 1970's and 1980's, and the implications of research in learning…

The problems of control within complex organizations are a direct result of the need to coordinate activities that have been broken down into subunits so that they can be performed by a group of employees. In such organizations, authority is justified on a "rational-legal" basis, and the general pattern of control is through bureaucratic rules. As…

Stages of moral reasoning through which children develop, as researched by developmental psychologists Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, are outlined in the introduction of this paper. The six stages are defined and exemplified by the moral issue of the value of human life. The developmental model, as it is argued, is suitable for instruction in…

Because of the high degree of interest in education and physical education in Canada, there has been a phenomenal growth in physical education facilities. Physical educators must become facility specialists in order to contribute to the planning, procurement, and utilization of the new complexes that are being developed. Among the most difficult…

A step-by-step exposition is presented of the manner in which the systematic application of the principles of instructional design can lead to sequential learning. Following an introduction to systematic instructional design, the second and third chapters of the book discuss a systems model of the classroom and the setting of objectives for…

Wide variation in approaches to teaching about Asia in the schools suggests a need for categorizing those approaches so that a teacher might see his approach in some relationship with others of differing persuasions. The following evolutionary levels of conceptualization are suggested; Asia as (1) a setting for Western history, where Western…

Program evaluation enables administrators to determine the merits of existing programs and the need for new ones. It can lead to revision, deletion, or inception of educational programs. This review examines general information on program evaluation, including evaluation design, methodology, and bibliographic materials. Eleven of the documents…

This paper summarizes Chapter XI, "An Overview and a Projection" of the book "Educational Evaluation and Decision-Making." The major assessments of this chapter: (1) how good were the answers provided to older questions; (2) what new questions were now able to be raised; and (3) who might be in a position to deal with them, are discussed.…

This project provided for a continuing experimental education program co-sponsored by the Oregon State Public Welfare Commission, the Portland State College School of Social Work, and the Division of Continuing Education in the Oregon State Department of Higher Education. It was designed to provide a practice-focused approach to professional…

This paper discusses the use of student groups in formal education. A model is proposed which involves the development of student interdependence on common tasks, the use of group incentives which may be earned through competition with a standard or with other groups, and the exchange of student resources in teaching and learning. In contrast to…