The Chinese university students who protested in Spring 1989 were concerned about inflation, shortages of goods and services, and pay inequities. They disliked corruption, bribery, and unfair favoritism, and wanted more press freedom and more independence for their student organizations. Most of all, they wanted more dialogue with aging leaders…

Literary accounts help society gain a better understanding of the Vietnam War by providing coverage missing from historical accounts of this period. Literature on the Vietnam War has focused on a number of issues: America's initial involvement in Southeast Asia, the American perspective on the war, the experience of the American soldier, and the…

In an attempt ot give a panorama of world cinema since its origins, this dictionary contains entries for about 1200 films from all over the world. A brief description of the plot of the film, the personnel involved in the production, and often some short, critical comments are included for each film. This dictionary is a companion volume to a…

The dramatic increase in college course offerings about the decade of the 1960s is a result of both to student curiosity with its protest movements and of faculty composition. Some feel the courses are essential to student understanding of modern life, whereas others feel more research is needed. (MSE)

Traces the historical sources of "Some Plant Olive Trees," a utopian novel by Emma Gelders Sterne, which offers a fictional account of the Vine and Olive colony, one of the most colorful yet least known utopian communities of the nineteenth century. (AYC)

Summarizes changes in the Japanese script from 1900 onwards, emphasizing those made after World War II in an effort to simplify the script. (FL)

Of all the frontier forces in the modern world, the French Foreign Legion is perhaps the most widely known and yet the least understood. The realities and mystique of the Legion from the time it was formed in 1831 to the present are discussed. (RM)

An important historiographic controversy exists between those who blame the Soviets for the origins of the Cold War (orthodox) and those who blame the U. S. (revisionist--New Left). While the latter criticize the orthodox historians' methods, they are often guilty of semilar biases and simplifications. (JB)

Supports the term "social revolution as one which is semantically accurate for describing twentieth century social change. The term is discussed in historic and contemporary perspectives to point out how humanistic studies might make contributions toward a "constructive accommodation to powerful social changes, both present and impending. …

Considers Arendt's argument that Eichmann was an example of how Nazi totalitarianism changed modern concepts of evil. Concludes that an amoral bureaucracy, whose goals transcended personal judgment, involvement, or responsibility, is part of the social environment which still constitutes a threat today. (AM)

Discusses the development of doctoral programs in nursing education in the Middle Ages to the present. (JOW)

Belongs to a series of papers examining how scholars understand and explain the Internet. Argues that the Internet should be understood as the first instance of a global communication system, displacing a national system (railroad, telegraph, television) of the 19th and 20th centuries. Maintains that such transformations involve complex alteration…

Although Homo sapiens emerged in Africa some 170,000 years ago, the origins of "modern" behavior, as expressed in technology and art, are attributed to people who migrated out of Africa around 50,000 years ago, creating what has been called a human revolution in Europe and Asia. There is recent evidence that a mutation of the FOXP2 gene (forkhead…

An overview of the essential philosophic and methodologic literature in English treating the discipline of geography. (Author)

Examines the use of biographies in teaching elementary students about contemporary women. Discusses sources of appropriate works and provides teaching suggestions for use with elementary school children. (GEA)