Manipulation checks are an essential component of quality experimental design in motor learning. Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, this methodological systematic review examined the utilization of manipulation checks in focus of attention research. Seventy-eight protocols from four…

The early elementary school years are widely understood to be critical to a child developing a strong foundation for future academic success. Children arrive at kindergarten from diverse settings and experiences, and not all of them are "kindergarten ready." Kindergarten readiness refers to the skills and abilities needed to succeed in…

The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency and composition of functional synergies for speech movements in children with developmental speech disorders. Kinematic data were collected on the reiterated productions of syllables spa(/spa[image omitted]/) and paas(/pa[image omitted]s/) by 10 6- to 9-year-olds with developmental speech…

One way to help physical education preservice students to think critically about the learning of physical skills is to provide hands-on experiences in which performance and learning can be seen and measured. Developing knowledge of these processes, however, requires creative and carefully planned exercises that can illustrate principles in a…

Research efforts that combine longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are making significant contributions to our understanding of motor development. While most measures of motor development provide a description of the present status of the child, there are a few process-oriented tests that provide information about the developmental progression…

The Muskegon Developmental Center is a residential facility that houses mentally retarded persons. At the center video tape recordings are being used to do simple motor training, language therapy, and to collect data on the residents. (JY)

Author stresses that child art has a different interpretation for adults than it does for children, and an understanding of child art can open our minds to better appreciation and respect for all art, all children, and all artists. (Author/RK)

Seven sequential ordinal scales of sensorimotor development are briefly described. These scales permit modification in the strategy for assessing infant development, investigating its structure and investigating infant-environment interaction. (GO)

This paper presents some findings of a detailed analysis of infants' approach behavior in a familiar, naturalistic setting. A total of 26, white, middle-class infant-mother pairs were observed in the home every three weeks during the first year of the child's life. Instances of infant approach to both mother and observer were coded from the…

This paper describes the collecting of normative data concerning the development of East Indian babies and analyzes the information in terms of: (1) the influences of socioeconomic class; (2) urban-rural environmental differences; (3) sex differences; and (4) comparisons with children from the United States, Israel, and the United Kingdom. The…