The study reports how an ESOL teacher engaged in translanguaging shifts in a content and language integrated learning classroom in the United States. The study findings, from ethnographic methods and conversation analysis, indicated that the teacher engaged in translanguaging shifts centring on the students' learning needs. She created a…

Monolingual dictionaries have serious disadvantages in many language teaching situations; bilingual dictionaries are potentially more efficient and more motivating sources of information for language learners. (Author/CB)