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Rehamo, Aga; Harrell, Stevan – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2020
Bilingual education in China's ethnic minority regions can serve as a test case of the ability of governments to maintain linguistic pluralism in the face of rapid social change and the spread of standard national languages. In pursuit of its policy of multilingualism, since the late 1970s China has conducted ambitious programs of bilingual…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Bilingual Education, Multilingualism, Elementary Secondary Education
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Wang, Lixun; Kirkpatrick, Andy – Multilingual Education, 2015
Hong Kong is linguistically complex and diverse with three principal languages: Cantonese, English and Putonghua. A substantial debate on the language policies governing the three principal languages has continued for more than two decades among policy-makers and educators. The political transition in 1997 has greatly affected Hong Kong society,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Bilingual Education, Sino Tibetan Languages