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Flores, Raymond; Coward, Fanni; Crooks, Steven M. – Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 2011
This study aimed to investigate the effects of modality and gender on learning from a computer-based matrix graphic organizer. A 2 x 2 factorial experiment was created by crossing two presentation modes (visual text vs. spoken text) and gender. Dependent measures included transfer and comprehension tests. Results revealed a significant modality by…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Instructional Materials, Educational Experiments, Gender Differences
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Andres, Hayward P.; Petersen, Candice – Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 2002
Cognitive processing limitations restrict the number of complex information items held and processed in human working memory. To overcome such limitations, a verbal working memory channel is used to construct an if-then proposition representation of facts and a visual working memory channel is used to construct a visual imagery of geometric…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Multimedia Instruction, Verbal Ability