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Greenberg, Kevin; Zheng, Robert; Gardner, Michael; Orr, Matthew – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2021
The cognitive theory of multimedia learning postulates learning information in a dual-modality design is more effective than in a single modality, which is known as the modality effect. Research has found that the modality effect supports problem-solving learning, but not retention-based learning. This divergence in findings can be explained by…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Spatial Ability, Visual Perception, Short Term Memory
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Leahy, Wayne; Sweller, John – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2016
Based on cognitive load theory and the "transient information effect," this paper investigated the "modality effect" while interpreting a contour map. The length and complexity of auditory and visual text instructions were manipulated. Experiment 1 indicated that longer audio text information within a presentation was inferior…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Learning Modalities, Instructional Design
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Reinwein, Joachim – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2012
The modality effect is a central issue in multimedia learning [see Mayer (Cambridge University Press, 2005a), for a review]. Sweller's Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), for example, presumes that an illustrated text is better understood when presented visually rather than orally. The predictive power of CLT lies in how it links in to Baddeley's (1986)…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Multimedia Instruction, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
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Schuler, Anne; Scheiter, Katharina; Rummer, Ralf; Gerjets, Peter – Learning and Instruction, 2012
The study examined whether the modality effect is caused by either high visuo-spatial load or a lack of temporal contiguity when processing written text and pictures. Students (N = 147) viewed pictures on the development of tornados, which were accompanied by either spoken or written explanations presented simultaneously with, before, or after the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Multimedia Instruction, Learning Modalities
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Wong, Anna; Leahy, Wayne; Marcus, Nadine; Sweller, John – Learning and Instruction, 2012
When using modern educational technology, some forms of instruction are inherently transient in that previous information usually disappears to be replaced by current information. Instructional animations and spoken text provide examples. The effects of transience due to the use of animation-based instructions (Experiment 1) and spoken information…
Descriptors: Electronic Learning, Short Term Memory, Educational Technology, Cognitive Processes
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Strauss, Judy; Corrigan, Hope; Hofacker, Charles F. – Marketing Education Review, 2011
Sensory overload and split attention result in reduced learning when instructors read slides with bullet points and complex graphs during a lecture. Conversely, slides containing relevant visual elements, when accompanied by instructor narration, use both the visual and verbal channels of a student's working memory, thus improving the chances of…
Descriptors: Constructivism (Learning), Learner Engagement, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory
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McNeill, Andrea L.; Doolittle, Peter E.; Hicks, David – Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 2009
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of training, modality, and redundancy on the participants' ability to apply and recall a historical inquiry strategy. An experimental research design was utilized with presentation mode as the independent variable and strategy application and strategy recall as the dependent variables. The…
Descriptors: Research Design, Multimedia Instruction, History, Inquiry
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Verhoeven, Ludo; Schnotz, Wolfgang; Paas, Fred – Learning and Instruction, 2009
The focus of this special issue is on the cognitive load underlying processes of interactive knowledge construction in a wide range of instructional multimedia platforms. Multimedia comprehension involves the parallel processing of auditory-verbal and visual-pictorial channels within working memory. By means of integrating multimodal information,…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Perspective Taking, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes
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Andres, Hayward P.; Petersen, Candice – Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 2002
Cognitive processing limitations restrict the number of complex information items held and processed in human working memory. To overcome such limitations, a verbal working memory channel is used to construct an if-then proposition representation of facts and a visual working memory channel is used to construct a visual imagery of geometric…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Multimedia Instruction, Verbal Ability