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Schuler, Anne; Scheiter, Katharina; Rummer, Ralf; Gerjets, Peter – Learning and Instruction, 2012
The study examined whether the modality effect is caused by either high visuo-spatial load or a lack of temporal contiguity when processing written text and pictures. Students (N = 147) viewed pictures on the development of tornados, which were accompanied by either spoken or written explanations presented simultaneously with, before, or after the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Multimedia Instruction, Learning Modalities
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Harskamp, Egbert G.; Mayer, Richard E.; Suhre, Cor – Learning and Instruction, 2007
This study demonstrated that the modality principle applies to multimedia learning of regular science lessons in school settings. In the first field experiment, 27 Dutch secondary school students (age 16-17) received a self-paced, web-based multimedia lesson in biology. Students who received lessons containing illustrations and narration performed…
Descriptors: Secondary School Science, Multimedia Instruction, Science Instruction, Biology