Responses to a 50-item, 4-choice test were simulated for 1,000 examinees under conventional formula-scoring instructions. Based on 192 simulation runs, formula scores and expected formula scores were determined for each examinee allowing and not allowing for inappropriate omissions. (TJH)

Simulation techniques were used to generate conventional test responses and track the proportion of alternatives examinees could classify independently before and after taking the test. Finite-state scores were compared with these actual values and with number-correct and formula scores. Finite-state scores proved useful. (TJH)