As someone who has dabbled in biography and autobiography, the author knows how difficult it is to determine what really happened and why. Even people who agree on the sequence of events, and describe them similarly, may end up creating quite different narratives of a given life. Intellectual autobiography may be somewhat less problematic, because…

For a scholar, a fate worse than being criticized is being ignored. Waterhouse (2006) has done Howard Gardner the courtesy of reading much of the primary and secondary literature on multiple intelligences (MI) theory. Although the authors disagree with several of her interpretations and conclusions, we appreciate her efforts as well as the…

In his closing comments, Howard Gardner discusses the various audiences that have emerged over the years for the theory of multiple intelligences. Under that rubric, he places the various papers in this issue and speculates about future lines of work on MI theory.

Education policymakers often go astray when they attempt to integrate multiple intelligences theory into schools, according to the originator of the theory, Howard Gardner, and his colleagues. The greatest potential of a multiple intelligences approach to education grows from the concept of a profile of intelligences. Each learner's intelligence…

The Harvard Project Zero research group has been examining the curriculum content issue through the lens of the multiple intelligences (MI) theory, which emphasizes humans' highly varied capacities. This article describes the MI theory, some related research projects, and the theory's implications for elementary and secondary education. Includes…

Explains the relationship between computers and multiple intelligences and explores its potential. Topics include behaviorism and cognitivism; constructivism; multiple representations in the human mind, including various forms of intelligence; individual differences; the challenge of altering early representations; and machine versus human tutors.…

This book presents evidence that human beings possess a range of capabilities and potentials (multiple intelligences) that, both individually and together, can be put to many productive uses. Chapter 1, "Intelligence and Individuality," introduces the issue. Chapter 2, "Before Multiple Intelligences," describes the traditional scientific view of…

It is difficult to grasp multiple-intelligences theory and implement its implications effectively. MI is not a quick fix. However, educators who thoughtfully use the theory to support their larger educational goals find it a worthy partner in school improvement. The author praises the efforts of several researchers and practitioners in this…

Debunks several myths that have arisen in schools' misapplication of the author's multiple intelligences (MI) theory. Argues that seven intelligences do not require seven different intelligence tests. An intelligence is a construct, not a domain, discipline, or learning style. MI theory is empirical and compatible with general intelligence theory.…

This reader brings together work by Howard Gardner and his colleagues at Project Zero (Harvard Graduate School of Education) to provide a coherent picture of what has been learned about the educational applications of multiple intelligences theory from school projects and formal research over the past decade. The chapters are: (1) "In a Nutshell";…

The four-part Teaching for Understanding framework covers the full range of intellectual disciplines. Different disciplines call upon different analytic styles, problem-solving approaches, and findings, temperaments, and intelligences. This article explores stages of student development, ranging from intuitive, common-sense theories about the…

Discusses applications of the theory of multiple intelligences in the field of education. Distinguishes between "surface" and "deep" applications of the theory. Responds to earlier articles in this journal about the theory of multiple intelligences. (RS)

Discusses misconceptions that half-informed educators might have about the author's theory of multiple intelligences. The seven intelligences are based on explicit criteria and respond to specific real-world content. Educators can assess proficiency, but not intelligence at different tasks. Theories can have infinite numbers of possible…

Counters seven myths about multiple intelligences that have arisen since the author's 1993 book "Frames of Mind" was published with seven complementary "realities." Demonstrates some problematic applications of MI theory in schools and praises three positive applications, including cultivation of desired capabilities, varied…

The article present's Howard Gardner's response to the three preceding commentaries on his book, "Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice." After commenting on some of their specific remarks, the article concludes with a more general discussion of the relationship between psychological theory and educational practice. (SM)