In 2012, nearly 50% of elementary visual art teachers were itinerant. Itinerant visual art teachers face unique challenges such as traveling between multiple schools that may influence their teaching effectiveness. Despite these prominent challenges, little research has addressed the relationship between the loss of teacher efficacy from working…

Concludes that humanism in teachers is related to reporting fewer unresolvable conflicts with pupils and that pupil control ideology and subsequent teacher control behavior (the referring of pupils to the administration for disciplinary action) are related. (Author/IRT)