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Direct linkFlores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M.; Blanton, Erin Noelle – Learning Disability Quarterly, 2023
State standards include fluent use of standard computational algorithms. However, learning and using them require conceptual understanding of numbers and operations. Previous research using the concrete--representational--abstract (CRA) sequence has been effective in teaching computational algorithms to students at risk of and students with…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Multiplication, Distance Education, Students with Disabilities
Flores, Margaret M.; Milton, Jessica H. – Exceptionality, 2020
The development of conceptual multiplication knowledge will assist students in making progress within current mathematics standards. Previous research has shown the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence to be successful in teaching multiplication with regrouping with an emphasis on conceptual understanding while developing fluency and…
Descriptors: Multiplication, Sequential Approach, Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics
Flores, Margaret M.; Kaffar, Bradley J.; Hinton, Vanessa – International Journal for Research in Learning Disabilities, 2019
Mathematics learning standards across the United States include conceptual knowledge of numbers and use of modeling and explanation within computation. The concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence and the Strategic Instruction Model (SIM) have been shown to be effective in increasing students' fluency in computation, including…
Descriptors: Instructional Effectiveness, Direct Instruction, Mathematics Instruction, Multiplication
Flores, Margaret M.; Moore, Alexcia J.; Meyer, Jill M. – Psychology in the Schools, 2020
Elementary standards include multiplication of single-digit numbers and students advance to solve complex problems and demonstrate procedural fluency in algorithms. The ability to illustrate procedural fluency in algorithms is dependent on the development of understanding and reasoning in multiplication. Development of multiplicative reasoning…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Grade 5, Teaching Methods
Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M. – Education and Treatment of Children, 2019
Recent multiplication with regrouping research shows that the combination of the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence and the Strategic Instruction Model (SIM) has been effective in several studies. More evidence is needed to demonstrate CRA-SIM's effectiveness across settings and students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Student Improvement, Multiplication, Mathematics Skills
Milton, Jessica H.; Flores, Margaret M.; Moore, Alexcia J.; Taylor, Ja'Lia J.; Burton, Megan E. – Learning Disability Quarterly, 2019
To meet increasingly complex mathematics standards in late elementary school, students must conceptually understand and be fluent in the operations of multiplication and division. This includes understanding the operations' inverse relation. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of alternating concrete-representational-abstract…
Descriptors: Multiplication, Arithmetic, Mathematics Instruction, Elementary School Mathematics
Gibbs, Anna S.; Hinton, Vanessa M.; Flores, Margaret M. – Preventing School Failure, 2018
Children who struggle in mathematics have a limited understanding of the foundational processes of mathematics. A lack of conceptual understanding causes students to fall behind as they progress through the core curriculum. Children at high risk for developing mathematics disabilities fail to gain numeracy knowledge. The purpose of this case study…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Case Studies, Disabilities, Computation
Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa; Strozier, Shaunita D. – Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 2014
Based on Common Core Standards (2010), mathematics interventions should emphasize conceptual understanding of numbers and operations as well as fluency. For students at risk for failure, the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence and the Strategic Instruction Model (SIM) have been shown effective in teaching computation with an emphasis…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Mathematical Concepts, Addition
Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M.; Schweck, Kelly B. – Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 2014
The Common Core Standards require demonstration of conceptual knowledge of numbers, operations, and relations between mathematical concepts. Supplemental instruction should explicitly guide students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in these skills. In this article, we illustrate implementation of the concrete-representational-abstract…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Multiplication, Teaching Methods, Academic Standards
Download full textFlores, Margaret M.; Franklin, Toni M. – Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2014
The Common Core State Standards (2010) involve the demonstration of conceptual knowledge of numbers and operations. For students who struggle with mathematics and have not responded to instruction, it is important that interventions emphasize this understanding. In order to address conceptual understanding of numbers and operations in meeting the…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Multiplication, Special Education, Special Education Teachers
Flores, Margaret M.; Houchins, David E.; Shippen, Margaret E. – International Journal of Special Education, 2006
The purpose of this series of case studies was to compare the impact of Constant Time Delay and Strategic Instruction on the maintenance and generalization of learning. Four middle school students with learning disabilities were effectively taught two different groups of multiplication facts using Constant Time Delay and Strategic instruction. The…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Generalization, Multiplication, Teaching Methods
