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Smith, John P., III – North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2018
Curricular analysis indicates that the U.S. students are introduced to multiplication in additive terms (as the replication of equal groups and repeated addition). But the virtue of this introduction for supporting students' understanding of the full range of multiplicative relationships is unclear. This paper reports an analysis of all grade 4…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Mathematics Tests, Mathematics Skills, Elementary School Mathematics

Carpenter, Thomas P.; And Others – Arithmetic Teacher, 1976
The performance of 13 and 17-year-olds on National Assessment items involving computation with fractions is reviewed, together with findings from related research. Recommendations for improving instruction are offered. (SD) Aspect of National Assessment (NAEP) dealt with in this document: Results (Interpretation).
Descriptors: Addition, Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary Secondary Education, Fractions