This book describes two different strategies of organization development consultation and analyzes their application in six elementary schools that were attempting to adopt differentiated staffing and multiunit structure. In two schools, the entire staff received a week or organization development consultation before attempting any structural…

This directory is intended to help persons identify the locations of innovative educational centers implementing IGE/multiunit school concepts in the U.S.A. Over 500 centers in 18 States are identified. Schools are listed alphabetically by district in each State with school addresses and telephone numbers, the names and addresses of school…

This document discusses the theory and philosophy of the Portal School strategy. According to the author, that strategy is a process for making an environment responsive to change; a way of providing a setting in which site, specific and locally determined programs, and theories can be adapted, implemented, and diffused; and a method for closing…

This report describes school operation changes in scheduling, curriculum, decisionmaking powers, and individualization of instruction that are concurrent with the adoption of differentiated staffing. The author defines differentiated staffing, explains where and at what levels it has been utilized, provides descriptions of results achieved, gives…

This study addressed two basic questions; (1) Do individually guided education (IGE) schools cost more or exhibit different expenditure patterns than non-IGE schools? (2) Do instructional personnel in IGE schools allocate their time differently than instructional personnel in non-IGE schools? Data were obtained from a random sample of 41 IGE…

The studies in this monograph are designed to examine the implementation processes of an innovative instructional program and the relationship between the implementation process and the achievement of certain program goals in school settings. The monograph is a contribution to the technical aspects of designing and implementing innovative…

This study examines the relationship of organizational variables to teacher motivation. It seeks to determine what differences, if any, exist between the organizational structures of multiunit (MUS) and non-multiunit (NMUS) individually guided education (IGE) elementary schools. The unit of analysis consists of MUS and NMUS elementary schools in…

Multiage grouping is one way schools can organize around students and their learning. In multiage grouping, students of different chronological ages are intentionally assigned to the same classroom. Multiage grouping may also be called "mixed age." Other terms, such as "nongraded,""ungraded,""multigrade," or "split-grade," are often used…

Schools across the United States are creating teacher teams in ever-greater numbers. "Teaming" refers to assembling a group of teachers from different disciplines and/or grade levels who work together as a "core group" responsible for teaching a subset of the school's population. This brief examines some of the potential conflicts between teacher…

A method was developed for doing a computer simulation of elementary school activities for different school organizations, with traditional and multiunit schools being observed for significant factors relating to the use of space. Analysis of the collected data showed that group size varied significantly as a function of school program and…

This study was conducted to determine how instructional programming for individual students has been implemented to provide effective learning environments for elementary school students. The focus was on the processes and procedures used to achieve objectives of the Instructional Programming Model (IPM). A related purpose was to study the…

Each of the seven case studies in this report describes the school and community, the implementation of Individually Guided Education (IGE) programs, and home-school-community relations programs and activities, and analyzes the home-school-community relations programs and activities. The selection of the seven schools was primarily based on the…

Nongraded primary education is the practice of teaching children of different ages and ability levels together, without dividing them or the curriculum into steps labeled by "grade" designations. Changing from graded to nongraded structure requires a major investment of time, energy, and commitment on the part of teachers and…

This report analyzes the effects of multiunit school organization on elementary teachers' patterns of task-related communication. Multiunit teacher work teams, or units, are characterized by discussions between teachers about the intimate details of their daily work; this contrasts with the structurally undifferentiated organization of…

Twenty-six articles based on social science research and the experience of practicing change agents deal with the elements necessary to understand change processes in educational organizations. These are (1) a comprehensive organizational perspective, that is, an understanding of crucial organizational subsystems and processes involved in…