In education settings, treatments are often non-randomly assigned to clusters, such as schools or classrooms, while outcomes are measured for students. This research design is called the clustered observational study (COS). We examine the consequences of common support violations in the COS context. Common support violations occur when the…

This exploratory study aimed to (a) identify students' beliefs about their abilities and the contributions of their school environments toward achieving their college and career aspirations, (b) group schools by students' perceptions, and (c) contrast this grouping with grouping by school-level demographics. This secondary analysis examined items…

There is variation in the university student experience of learning. Prior research has shown that factors that shape this include student characteristics, the learning context, student perceptions of that context and approaches to learning and their learning outcomes. In blended contexts, there is a need to identify variables which can explain…

This study used the five benchmarks from the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) to form clusters of colleges within the CCSSE classification of extra-large community colleges (greater than or equal to 15,000 students). Cluster analysis produced a five-cluster solution for the 48 identified extra-large community colleges. Using…

In this paper, we present a data-based user modeling framework that uses both unsupervised and supervised classification to build student models for exploratory learning environments. We apply the framework to build student models for two different learning environments and using two different data sources (logged interface and eye-tracking data).…