Among the body's mechanical systems that contribute to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, hamstrings, quadriceps, and knee flexor muscles are the most prominent components. A strength imbalance to any of these muscles can cause damage to ACL-associated ligaments (Takahashi et al., 2019). To reduce the incidence of such injuries, it is…

Because fitness and physical activity both tend to decline as students enter their middle school years, it is important to try to establish protocols and interventions to make this student population enjoy being active. Further, it has been shown that shorter exercise sessions are more likely to be executed. Using a high-intensity interval…

The application of strength and conditioning principles and concepts are built into the national standards and grade-level outcomes; however, the prevailing FITT formula does not meet the needs of students today. Instead of one standard workout program for all, students need to learn about a nonlinear, or undulating, program that provides options…

The FitnessGram program has prioritized the use of evidence-based, criterion-referenced standards to advance health-related fitness assessments in physical education. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) highlighted the importance of strength and power for youth fitness assessment and surveillance. The report specifically recommended the use of…

The aim of this article is to explore the concept of resistance training skill literacy and discuss related strategies to enhance learning, improve adherence and help youth realize the holistic benefits of resistance exercise.

Research indicates that resistance training provides many health and fitness benefits to children and adolescents as long as proper guidelines and training provided such as increased, muscle strength, muscle power-endurance, bone mineral density, improved motor skill performance and reduced sport injuries. As a result, resistance bands training…

Pitching velocity is a crucial factor in effective baseball pitching performance. Upper-body-focused training is prevalent in baseball training to increase pitching velocity. However, significant pitchers, including youth league baseball players, suffer from upper body injuries due to the heavy training load of the throwing arm. This article…

I have often felt ashamed of the disabled aspect of my masculine identity. Reflexive, autoethnographical practices help me to ask why? These practices facilitate a reorientation of my frames of reference, from shame to acceptance, by examining attitudes which coalesce around what has been described as the dilemma of disabled masculinity. This…

Many factors determine success in football. But the most important of these are the physical and physiological variables that determine the performance of football players. Meeting these physical and physiological needs is also based on training methods prepared following branch-specific neural, muscular, and metabolic parameters. In football, for…

The purpose of this study is to consider Superman's acts against impulse-momentum and conservation of momentum principles. Superheroes as fantasy fiction characters attract the attention of not only children and teenagers but also adults. Superheroes can be useful in explaining a phenomenon, as well as overcoming conceptual difficulties that may…

Due to lack of time in physical education class as well as the decreased amount of physical education class students have a week, students are not receiving adequate amounts of daily physical activity. This article describes a solution to this problem, by describing an after-school weightlifting program where students can learn how to do…

The purpose of this article is to provide recommendations as to how teacher content knowledge can be improved to enhance the efficacy of RT programs for secondary PE students. We offer four recommendations including 1) Embed RT for adolescents content knowledge within physical education teacher education (PETE) programs, 2) Professional…

The Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) aims to foster learning productively under optimal cognitive loads. Students across all ages and stages of learning have limited capacity due to the human brain's functionality. Therefore, an effective learning design allows for knowledge acquisition that will minimize the loading effect on the working memory and…

Sport coaches can agree that various levels of practice and play contribute significantly to the overall development of a young athlete. Coaches of young athletes need to also address issues related to strength and conditioning as part of the developmental cycle. Unfortunately, many sport coaches are not well trained in the science related to…

The purpose of this article is to provide practical applications for eccentric focused RT through the lens of DI that K-12 PE teachers can incorporate within their curriculums. Within the DI framework, differentiated assessments are key to measure readiness and the product of learning. The Brockport Fitness Tests are presented as a strategy to…