This report discusses the findings of a study that tested the effectiveness of a program that used music to increase the articulation skills of three females and seven males (ages 12-21) with profound mental retardation. Level one of the treatment began with the teacher humming the target word while tapping the rhythm on the hand drum or strumming…

Music activities for the elderly can stimulate creativity and help develop independence, self-confidence, and a sense of accomplishment. This study includes: (1) an attempt to learn the uses of music by and for older adults through an exploration of programs and activities that either have been or currently are being implemented; (2) an…

This action research project investigated the effects of music on the behavior and performance of students (ages 3-21) with multiple disabilities, mental retardation, or severe mental retardation in four self-contained special education classrooms. The teacher researchers involved in the study made no assumptions with regard to the outcomes. It…