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Ruddy, Jonah; Ciancio, Dennis; Skinner, Christopher H.; Blonder, Megan – Contemporary School Psychology, 2019
Oral reading fluency was investigated as a predictor of standard scores on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III Broad Reading Cluster (BRC). Participants included first- through third-grade students (n = 1301) from elementary schools in and around Houston, Texas. Median words correct per minute scores from three oral reading passages were…
Descriptors: Reading Fluency, Achievement Tests, Elementary School Students, Scores
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Koehler-Hak, Kathrine M. – Preventing School Failure, 2014
General outcome measurement, a specific type of formative evaluation, can be used to assess progress toward long-term academic goals. Curriculum-based measurement is a widely used type of general outcome measurement. When used to develop local norms, curriculum-based measurement data are helpful in making individual student and systems-level…
Descriptors: Outcome Measures, Curriculum Based Assessment, Formative Evaluation, Progress Monitoring
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Stockard, Jean – Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 2010
Previous research has documented a substantial decline of standardized test scores of children from low-income backgrounds, relative to more advantaged peers, in later elementary grades, the so-called "fourth-grade slump." This article examines changes in reading achievement from first to fifth grade for students in a large urban school…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Reading Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Standardized Tests