In recent years the Chinese government and its educational administrative departments and schools have been emphasising the need to give top priority to the development of teachers' ethics, and have introduced a 1-vote veto system for teachers' ethical performance. However, the 1-vote veto system that strengthens the follow-up management of accountability results is only an expedient measure to eliminate teachers' ethics anomie behaviour. Developing and completely implementing a teacher's ethics accountability system is the fundamental policy to govern teachers' ethics anomie behaviour. To analyse the influence of the ethics accountability system on teachers' ethics anomie behaviour a questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,548 teachers in Chinese primary and secondary schools. The results show that the subject of accountability, the school's emphasis, the legal norms at the national level, and the effect of accountability results have a significant impact on teachers' ethics anomie behaviour. In order to improve the teachers' ethics accountability system and reduce teachers' ethics anomie behaviour, education administrative departments and schools should reasonably set up accountability subjects, increase schools' emphasis on accountability, enhance the operability of accountability content, and ensure the fairness of the results of accountability and the subsequent management.