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Dahl, Gordon; Lochner, Lance – Institute for Research on Poverty, 2009
Past estimates of the effect of family income on child development have often been plagued by endogeneity and measurement error. In this paper, we use two simulated instrumental variables strategies to estimate the causal effect of income on children's math and reading achievement. Our identification derives from the large, non-linear changes…
Descriptors: Family Income, Academic Achievement, Evidence, Tax Credits

Firnberg, James W.; Christal, Melodie E. – College and University, 1984
A survey of institutions concerning their reporting of data on the Higher Education General Information Survey and specifically examining the differences in definitions and calculations among reporting institutions, confirmed suspected problems of comparability of information. The impact of these differences on data interpretation is discussed.…
Descriptors: Computation, Data Analysis, Definitions, Federal Government