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Willingness to Communicate and Second Language Speech Fluency: An Idiodynamic Investigation of Attractor States
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Nematizadeh, Shahin – Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning, 2021
Willingness to communicate (WTC) has recently been researched as a dynamic variable, with some investigations viewing it as a complex dynamic system (CDS). One important property associated with CDS is the notion of attractor states, which are characterized by stable patterns of behavior. The present study employed an idiodynamic method to monitor…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Fluency, Task Analysis
The Extent to Which TOEFL iBT Speaking Scores Are Associated with Performance on Oral Language Tasks and Oral Ability Components for Japanese University Students
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Ockey, Gary J.; Koyama, Dennis; Setoguchi, Eric; Sun, Angela – Language Testing, 2015
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which performance on the TOEFL iBT speaking section is associated with other indicators of Japanese university students' abilities to communicate orally in an academic English environment and to determine which components of oral ability for these tasks are best assessed by TOEFL iBT. To…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Correlation