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Janne Bondi Johannessen; Björn Lundquist; Yulia Rodina; Eirik Tengesdal; Nina Hagen Kaldhol; Emel Türker; Valantis Fyndanis – Second Language Research, 2025
The present study examines grammatical gender knowledge in offline production (gender marking on indefinite articles) and online gender processing (visual world paradigm) in adult second language (L2) learners of Norwegian with three different first languages (L1s): Greek, Russian, and Turkish. In particular, it investigates the role of the…
Descriptors: Grammar, Adult Learning, Second Language Learning, Norwegian
Mavrou, Irini; Chao, Javier – Written Communication, 2023
This study examined whether the linguistic distance between the first (L1) and second (L2) language is a significant determinant of L2 writing skills of 292 adult immigrants from 39 different source countries, who were beginner learners of Spanish L2. Gender, age, length of residence in Spain, education level as a proxy for literacy skills in L1,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Writing Skills, Immigrants, Spanish
Mills, Shantel; Nicoladis, Elena – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2023
Previous research has shown that bilinguals respond differently to moral dilemmas posed in each of their languages, tending to make deontologically-based decisions (based on right or wrong) in their first language and utilitarian decisions (bringing about the most good) in their second language. In the present study, we tested several predictors…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Moral Values, Predictor Variables, Native Language
Miki Satori – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2025
This study investigated the relative contributions of English morphological and vocabulary knowledge to second language (L2) reading comprehension among 100 adult Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The study also investigated the extent to which the roles of morphological and vocabulary knowledge in L2 reading comprehension…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Reading Comprehension, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Duran-Karaoz, Zeynep; Tavakoli, Parvaneh – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2020
The article reports on the findings of a study investigating the relationship between first language (L1) and second language (L2) fluency behavior. Drawing on data collected from Turkish learners of English, the study also addresses the question of whether proficiency level mediates the relationship, if any. The data were coded for a range of…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Language Fluency
Jiang, Nan; Feng, Lijuan – Foreign Language Annals, 2022
The process of word recognition can be analytic (or serial) or holistic (or parallel). They differ in the size of the processing units (lexical vs. sublexical) or in whether sublexical units are processed sequentially or simultaneously. First language (L1) reading development has been found to involve a transition from serial processing to…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Language Processing, Chinese, Second Language Learning
Antonicelli, Giada; Rastelli, Stefano – Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics, 2023
Event-related potentials (ERPs) have become widespread in second language acquisition (SLA) research and a growing body of literature has been produced in recent years. We surveyed 61 SLA papers that use ERPs to study L2 sentence processing in healthy late learners. Our main aim was to provide a critical summary of findings from the decade…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Language Proficiency, Sentences
Agnieszka Ewa Krautz – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
Feeling like a different person when speaking different languages has been investigated before and attributed to several linguistic as well as psychological factors. Language proficiency, the context of language acquisition, personality traits, emotional intelligence, and the topic of conversation as well as the interlocutor have been found to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Second Language Learning, Personality Traits, Language Proficiency
Nancy Gagné; Leif M. French; Kirsten M. Hummel – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Within the same learning context, learners' outcomes in terms of oral fluency vary greatly. This study tracked the relative contributions that first language (L1) and initial second language (L2) fluency skill and working memory (WM) made to L2 fluency development. We assessed the performance of French-speaking Grade 6 learners' (n = 47, mean age:…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Amir Mahshanian; Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari; Ahmad Moinzadeh – TESL-EJ, 2025
This study investigates the relationships among working memory (WM), syntactic parsing ability (SP), and L2 reading performance across varying proficiency levels. A cohort of 120 L1-Persian EFL learners was categorized into beginner, intermediate, and advanced proficiency groups based on their IELTS scores. Participants completed a reading span…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Reading Achievement
Park, Shinjae – Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 2022
Based on the quantitative analysis of L2 English texts from Korean undergraduates, the present paper demonstrates the possibility of distinguishing L2 speaking proficiency with differing measures of syntactic complexity in English writing. To this end, 14 measures of complexity were gauged using an L2 Syntactic Analyzer (Lu, 2010) in 89 EFL essays…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Essays
Nikolic, Mirjana; Cvijetic, Maja – Research in Pedagogy, 2023
Although numerous studies show that intelligence, measured by various tests, is a significant predictor of school achievement, this cognitive variable can only explain about 50% of the variance. It is also known that communicative language ability represents an important basis for learning subject content in the early period of formal education.…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Communicative Competence (Languages), Elementary School Students, Grade 5
Xiang, Keshu; Chang, Hui – Language Learning and Development, 2023
The present study investigates the multiple constraints on the processing of English dative alternation by Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. The intermediate and advanced learners completed an acceptability judgment task which was composed of 30 dative alternations selected from a spoken corpus. The results showed that the…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Grammar, Verbs, Predictor Variables
Tulloch, Michelle K.; Hoff, Erika – Journal of Child Language, 2022
In this preregistered, longitudinal study of early code-switching, 34 US-born, Spanish-English bilingual children were recorded with a bilingual family member at 2;6 and 3;6, in Spanish-designated and English-designated interactions. Children's Spanish and English expressive vocabulary and their exposure to code-switching were measured through…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), English (Second Language), Spanish
Kircher, Ruth – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
The study presented here is the first empirical investigation of the patterns and predictors of the intergenerational transmission of French in Quebec. An online questionnaire was used to gather data from 274 parents from different mother tongue (L1) groups: L1 French, L1 English, L1 French and English, and L1 Other. The results show that L1…
Descriptors: Language Planning, French, Parent Attitudes, Native Language