This study compared the outcomes of three descriptive analysis methods--the ABC method, the conditional probability method, and the conditional and background probability method--to each other and to the results obtained from functional analyses. Six individuals who had been diagnosed with developmental delays and exhibited problem behavior…

The data are taken as an indication that the sweeping generalization that male homosexuals have a preference for objects of the same sex, which has its basis in a high expectancy for negative reinforcement from female figures, may be in need of qualification or revision. (Author)

The article provides a review of research on the role of punishment in relation to the normalization of retarded persons and points out that, in the natural environment, punishment procedures normally play some part in the determination of social behavior. (IM)

Based on observations of children ages 21-25 months in play groups, investigates reactions of both peers and teachers to behaviors that could be identified and coded as male, female, or neutral. (Author/NH)

A contingency management procedure using both positive and negative reinforcement was used to strengthen cooperative behavior in five children (ages 3-6) during a series of restorative dental treatment sessions lasting from 15-60 minutes. Baseline levels of disruptive behavior as high as 90 percent were reduced to less than 15 percent. (JW)

Research has demonstrated that a person's attraction to a stranger is influenced by experimental manipulations suggested by general behavior theory. To examine whether a neutral observer, listening to a conversation between two strangers, could be influenced by the manipulation of several learning variables, 80 female undergraduates listened to a…

This study attempted to determine if the achievement of fourth grade students with high or low dominance characteristics would be affected by differing social reinforcers during a study of multiplication facts using a CAI system. The experimenter identified the high and low dominant students by means of a group personality test developed by Porter…

Delinquent and non-delinquent male adolescents were asked to give memories from their early childhoods under treatment conditions of verbal praise, attitude agreement, or objective correctness. (Author)

Research partially supported by grant MH-13470-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health.

Investigates cognitive consistency in social behavior among 90 preschool children. Finds that the smaller the incentive used to induce subjects to perform a counterattitudinal act, the greater the change in their attitudes toward the act. Suggests minimal external justification by others so children can reduce dissonance through…

This book for teacher trainees and practicing teachers contains programmed lessons that are designed to explain the theory and techniques of classroo m behavior modification. The first part deals with basic principles of behavior modification and includes chapters on how behaviors are learned, why they are maintained, and how they can be…

This book contains a widely used method for structuring learning in a positive environment. The material is presented in a workshop format. Each unit should be read and worked on for one week; the teachers should then meet to exchange ideas. Unit 1 discusses behavior, and informs the reader that if he/she wants to influence a change in behavior,…