The COVID-19 shutdown of in-person university classrooms in Spring 2020 brought the question of how to conduct online examinations into urgent focus. Although, online education has been around since 1984 and online exams have been routinely built into online course syllabi, the mid-semester transition to online teaching confronted many instructors -- depending traditionally on proctored examinations to assess student performance -- with the quandary of how to rely on an unproctored examination. This paper presents an overview of published pedagogical research on proctored versus unproctored testing and reviews existing technological solutions for proctored online examinations.