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Yates, Luke; Hobson, Hannah – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2020
The mirror neuron system has been argued to be a key brain system responsible for action understanding and imitation. Subsequently, mirror neuron system dysfunction has therefore been proposed to explain the social deficits manifested within autism spectrum condition, an approach referred to as the broken mirror hypothesis. Despite excitement…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Neurological Organization, Neurological Impairments
Wisler, Alan; Teplansky, Kristin; Heitzman, Daragh; Wang, Jun – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: Kinematic measurements of speech have demonstrated some success in automatic detection of early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we examined how the region of symptom onset (bulbar vs. spinal) affects the ability of data-driven models to detect ALS. Method: We used a correlation structure of articulatory…
Descriptors: Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Neurological Impairments, Articulation (Speech), Brain Hemisphere Functions
Johnson, Sarah A.; Sacks, Patricia K.; Turner, Sean M.; Gaynor, Leslie S.; Ormerod, Brandi K.; Maurer, Andrew P.; Bizon, Jennifer L.; Burke, Sara N. – Learning & Memory, 2016
Hippocampal-dependent episodic memory and stimulus discrimination abilities are both compromised in the elderly. The reduced capacity to discriminate between similar stimuli likely contributes to multiple aspects of age-related cognitive impairment; however, the association of these behaviors within individuals has never been examined in an animal…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Models, Tests
Oros, Nicolas; Chiba, Andrea A.; Nitz, Douglas A.; Krichmar, Jeffrey L. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli is essential to achieving efficient and fluid attention, and serves as the complement to increasing attention to relevant stimuli. The different cholinergic (ACh) subsystems within the basal forebrain regulate attention in distinct but complementary ways. ACh projections from the substantia innominata/nucleus…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Cognitive Processes, Attention, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Diviney, Mairead; Fey, Dirk; Commins, Sean – Learning & Memory, 2013
Learning to navigate toward a goal is an essential skill. Place learning is thought to rely on the ability of animals to associate the location of a goal with surrounding environmental cues. Using the Morris water maze, a task popularly used to examine place learning, we demonstrate that distal cues provide animals with distance and directional…
Descriptors: Cues, Learning Processes, Task Analysis, Animals
Vigliecca, Nora Silvana; Báez, Sandra – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2015
A theoretical framework which considers the verbal functions of the brain under a multivariate and comprehensive cognitive model was statistically analyzed. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify whether some recognized aphasia constructs can be hierarchically integrated as latent factors from a homogenously verbal test. The Brief…
Descriptors: Aphasia, Measures (Individuals), Neuropsychology, Language Processing
Valkenburg, Jim – Learning Assistance Review, 2012
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a neurological disorder which effects learning and that has a confusing set of diagnostic symptoms and an even more confusing set of remedies ranging from medication to meditation to nothing at all. Current neurological research suggests, however, that there are strategies that the individual with ADD can use to…
Descriptors: Brain, Learning Strategies, Attention Deficit Disorders, Student Needs
Thomas, Michael S. C.; Purser, Harry R. M.; Tomlinson, Simon; Mareschal, Denis – Brain and Cognition, 2012
This article presents an investigation of the relationship between lesioning and neuroimaging methods of assessing functional specialisation, using synthetic brain imaging (SBI) and lesioning of a connectionist network of past-tense formation. The model comprised two processing "routes": one was a direct route between layers of input and output…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Verbs, Neurological Organization, Language Acquisition
Moul, Caroline; Killcross, Simon; Dadds, Mark R. – Psychological Review, 2012
This article introduces a novel hypothesis regarding amygdala function in psychopathy. The first part of this article introduces the concept of psychopathy and describes the main cognitive and affective impairments demonstrated by this population; that is, a deficit in fear-recognition, lower conditioned fear responses and poor performance in…
Descriptors: Fear, Comparative Analysis, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Psychopathology
Moustafa, Ahmed A.; Gluck, Mark A. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
Most existing models of dopamine and learning in Parkinson disease (PD) focus on simulating the role of basal ganglia dopamine in reinforcement learning. Much data argue, however, for a critical role for prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine in stimulus selection in attentional learning. Here, we present a new computational model that simulates…
Descriptors: Neurology, Patients, Reinforcement, Cognitive Development
Stamenova, Vessela; Black, Sandra E.; Roy, Eric A. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Limb apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by an inability to pantomime and/or imitate gestures. It is more commonly observed after left hemisphere damage (LHD), but has also been reported after right hemisphere damage (RHD). The Conceptual-Production Systems model (Roy, 1996) suggests that three systems are involved in the control of…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Pantomime, Imitation, Patients
Ojha, Rakesh; Sahu, Alakh N.; Muruganandam, A. V.; Singh, Gireesh Kumar; Krishnamurthy, Sairam – Brain and Cognition, 2010
"Asparagus Racemosus" (AR) is an Ayurvedic rasayana possessing multiple neuropharmacological activities. The adpatogenic and antidepressant activity of AR is well documented. The present study was undertaken to assess nootropic and anti-amnesic activities of MAR in rats. The Morris water maze (MWM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) models were employed…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals
Zeamer, Alyson; Meunier, Martine; Bachevalier, Jocelyne – Learning & Memory, 2011
Recognition memory impairment after selective hippocampal lesions in monkeys is more profound when measured with visual paired-comparison (VPC) than with delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS). To clarify this issue, we assessed the impact of stimuli similarity and encoding duration on the VPC performance in monkeys with hippocampal lesions and…
Descriptors: Pictorial Stimuli, Recognition (Psychology), Infants, Memory
Stocco, Andrea; Lebiere, Christian; Anderson, John R. – Psychological Review, 2010
The basal ganglia play a central role in cognition and are involved in such general functions as action selection and reinforcement learning. Here, we present a model exploring the hypothesis that the basal ganglia implement a conditional information-routing system. The system directs the transmission of cortical signals between pairs of regions…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Role, Learning Processes
Cowell, Rosemary A.; Bussey, Timothy J.; Saksida, Lisa M. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2010
We examined the organization and function of the ventral object processing pathway. The prevailing theoretical approach in this field holds that the ventral object processing stream has a modular organization, in which visual perception is carried out in posterior regions and visual memory is carried out, independently, in the anterior temporal…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes, Neurological Organization, Visual Perception
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