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Meaghan Perdue – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Reading is a complex task that requires integration of information across brain systems that support sensory, language and cognitive processing. Individuals vary widely in reading ability: some read almost effortlessly, while others struggle to make sense of printed text. Factors at multiple levels from genes and brain through environment…
Descriptors: Neurology, Biology, Brain, Reading Processes
Demir-Lira, Özlem Ece; Asaridou, Salomi S.; Raja Beharelle, Anjali; Holt, Anna E.; Goldin-Meadow, Susan; Small, Steven L. – Developmental Science, 2018
Gesture is an integral part of children's communicative repertoire. However, little is known about the neurobiology of speech and gesture integration in the developing brain. We investigated how 8- to 10-year-old children processed gesture that was essential to understanding a set of narratives. We asked whether the functional neuroanatomy of…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Neurology, Biology, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Wymbs, Nicholas F.; Ingham, Roger J.; Ingham, Janis C.; Paolini, Katherine E.; Grafton, Scott T. – Brain and Language, 2013
Recent brain imaging investigations of developmental stuttering show considerable disagreement regarding which regions are related to stuttering. These divergent findings have been mainly derived from group studies. To investigate functional neurophysiology with improved precision, an individual-participant approach (N = 4) using event-related…
Descriptors: Neurology, Stuttering, Individual Differences, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Hilti, Caroline C.; Jann, Kay; Heinemann, Doerthe; Federspiel, Andrea; Dierks, Thomas; Seifritz, Erich; Cattapan-Ludewig, Katja – Brain and Cognition, 2013
The deterioration of performance over time is characteristic for sustained attention tasks. This so-called "performance decrement" is measured by the increase of reaction time (RT) over time. Some behavioural and neurobiological mechanisms of this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. Behaviourally, we examined the increase of RT over time and…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Reaction Time, Attention Control, Performance
Bohrn, Isabel C.; Altmann, Ulrike; Jacobs, Arthur M. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
A quantitative, coordinate-based meta-analysis combined data from 354 participants across 22 fMRI studies and one positron emission tomography (PET) study to identify the differences in neural correlates of figurative and literal language processing, and to investigate the role of the right hemisphere (RH) in figurative language processing.…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Figurative Language, Semantics, Negative Attitudes
Zelazo, Philip David; Blair, Clancy B.; Willoughby, Michael T. – National Center for Education Research, 2016
Executive function (EF) skills are the attention-regulation skills that make it possible to sustain attention, keep goals and information in mind, refrain from responding immediately, resist distraction, tolerate frustration, consider the consequences of different behaviors, reflect on past experiences, and plan for the future. As EF research…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Attention Control, Educational Research, Learning Processes
Steggemann, Yvonne; Engbert, Kai; Weigelt, Matthias – Brain and Cognition, 2011
Brain imaging studies provide strong evidence for the involvement of the human mirror system during the observation of complex movements, depending on the individual's motor expertise. Here, we ask the question whether motor expertise not only affects perception while observing movements, but also benefits perception while solving mental rotation…
Descriptors: Expertise, Evidence, Neurology, Individual Differences
Maslowsky, Julie; Keating, Daniel P.; Monk, Christopher S.; Schulenberg, John – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2011
Risk behavior contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality during adolescence. This study examined neurocognitive predictors of proposed subtypes of adolescent risk behavior: planned (premeditated) versus unplanned (spontaneous). Adolescents (N = 69, 49% male, M = 15.1 [1.0] years) completed neurocognitive tasks (Iowa Gambling Task [IGT],…
Descriptors: Prevention, Adolescents, Risk, Predictor Variables
Martinos, Marina; Matheson, Anna; de Haan, Michelle – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Developing control of attention helps infants to regulate their emotions, and individual differences in attention skills may shape how infants perceive and respond to their socio-emotional environments. This study examined whether the temperamental dimensions of self-regulation and negative emotionality relate to infants' attention…
Descriptors: Intervention, Parent Child Relationship, Control Groups, Child Rearing
Barrett, Jennifer; Fleming, Alison S. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Quality of mothering relies on the integrity of multiple physiological and behavioral systems and on two maternal factors, one proximal and one distal, that have a great impact on how a mother mothers: postpartum depression and early experiences. To mother appropriately requires the action of systems that regulate sensation, perception, affect,…
Descriptors: Mothers, Social Behavior, Systems Approach, Integrity
Rypma, Bart; Prabhakaran, Vivek – Intelligence, 2009
An enduring enterprise of experimental psychology has been to account for individual differences in human performance. Recent advances in neuroimaging have permitted testing of hypotheses regarding the neural bases of individual differences but this burgeoning literature has been characterized by inconsistent results. We argue that careful design…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Diagnostic Tests, Short Term Memory, Brain
Noble, Kimberly G.; Wolmetz, Michael E.; Ochs, Lisa G.; Farah, Martha J.; McCandliss, Bruce D. – Developmental Science, 2006
Functional neuroimaging may provide insights into the achievement gap in reading skill commonly observed across socioeconomic status (SES). Brain activation during reading tasks is known to be associated with individual differences in children's phonological language skills. By selecting children of equivalent phonological skill, yet diverse…
Descriptors: Brain, Socioeconomic Status, Reading Skills, Language Skills
Chiarello, Christine; Lombardino, Linda J.; Kacinik, Natalie A.; Otto, Ronald; Leonard, Christiana M. – Brain and Language, 2006
Individual differences in cortical anatomy are readily observable, but their functional significance for behaviors such as reading is not well understood. Here, we report a case of an apparent compensated dyslexic who had attained high achievement in visuospatial mathematics. Data from a detailed background interview, psychometric testing, divided…
Descriptors: High Achievement, Psychometrics, Neurology, Word Recognition
Beamish, Claude R. – 1995
This paper presents basic information about the brain and how learning takes place, considers causes of differing human temperaments as explained by principles of Jungian psychology, reports on research on the causes of low achievement, and suggests a method to correct many educational problems. Principles of developmental neurology and right/left…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Brain, Brain Hemisphere Functions