The degree to which 484 Japanese, Korean, and American subjects sacrificed their self-gain to benefit in-group members in allocating a group reward was tested. Results indicated that although the effects involving culture were not significant, students in general were more individualistic than adults. (Author/BJV)

Reports on research which looked for dimensions of values by creating an Eastern instrument based on the Chinese tradition and correlating results from its use with those derived from use of Western instrumentation. Results strongly suggest the robust value dimensions of collectivism and compassion. (PS)

The large number of studies which have been published recently on the cross-cultural implications of Piaget's theory are extremely heterogeneous. This summary attempts to classify them into descriptive and quasi-experimental. (Author/SB)

Emic (culture-specific) and Western-type (imposed-etic) strategies were applied to the assessment of intelligence in 67 rural Filipino children. Imposed-etic tests measured a concept of intelligence that only partially overlaps emic conceptions, and were better predictors of school performance, which was not predicted by indigenous (emic)…

Chinese subjects were less likely to pursue a conflict with an in-group disputant, and more likely to pursue a conflict with an out-group disputant, than were American subjects. A conflict was more likely to be pursued if the stakes involved were large and the disputant was from an out-group. (Author/BJV)

Data from a multi-national student survey were used to compare the religiosity in six African and Asian nations with religiosity in nine North American, West European, and Scandinavian nations. (JM)

The disparity between interview and self-report data on East Asian mental health has been attributed to the following explanations: (1) incomparability of item content; and (2) cultural differences in the social desirability of questionnaire items. Examination of groups of elderly Korean, Japanese, and European-American subjects undermine these…

Substantial similarities were found in Filipino college students' healthy personality concepts as elicited by Tagalog and English free-response questionnaires. Some consistent language differences were found across the two methods: greater diversity and refinement of healthy personality concepts were found in Tagalog. (Author/BJV)

Analyzes the early communication structure in adult-child interactions with two- to six-month old babies in Western (West Germany, Greece) and non-Western (Yanomami, Trobriand) societies. Discusses universal international verbal and non-verbal structures reflecting intuitive parenting programs. (FMW)

Examined culturally based differences in the perceptions of causal attributions for athletic achievement in Germany and China. Results show that the Chinese perceive success and failure to be more internal and controllable than the Germans. This result is discussed from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture and from today's social…