This report presents theories in counseling not merely as abstract thoughts, but as beliefs and proposed procedures to follow in helping a client when he/she has difficulties coping with life. Four main counseling theories are then described: (1) Client-Centered Counseling (Carl Rogers); (2) Rational-Emotive Therapy (Albert Ellis); (3) Reality…

Smith et al. (1980) analyzed 475 psychotherapy studies and concluded that individuals receiving treatment were better off than 80 percent of the untreated control groups. These studies were criticized on methodological grounds, particularly for failing to enable calculation of an index of effect size. To address these methodological issues, 20…

Mediation training should produce highly successful mediators who are capable of carrying out smooth and effective mediation. This study assessed subjects' perceptions of the effectiveness of mediation by comparing trained team mediators to untrained team mediators. Subjects (N=30) evaluated videotaped mediation vignettes showing both the trained…

Affective experiences have been shown to influence student self-concept and to influence and predict academic achievement. In the present research, two groups of seventh-grade boys and girls numbering 30 in all participated in either facilitated or directed affective experiences in which they explored personal feelings and attitudes toward school,…

Research has suggested that physical attractiveness contributes to subjects' perception of female competency. This finding has generated interest in investigating the effect of physical attractiveness on subjects' perceptions of competency in male and female therapists. Undergraduates (N=192) viewed a 15-minute videotaped session reflecting either…

The Rogerian argument, as described by Young, Baker, and Pike in "Rhetoric: Discovery and Change," misrepresents Carl Rogers's own principles. Addressing the need for improved interpersonal communication both within and outside of therapy, Rogers describes three conditions for "listening with understanding": congruence, or…

The Churches Commission on Education is an Australian interdenominational body committed to developing holistic programs for student well-being in the government school system. School chaplains provide a formal Christian presence, pastoral care, and counselling, and often work on programs for students with social, emotional, or behavioral…

The study examined the advising attitudes and practices of faculty members identified as developmental advisors at two women's liberal arts colleges. Developmental advising, as distinguished from prescriptive advising, was defined as a relationship based on shared responsibility in which students participate in the academic planning process.…

By the time they complete their preservice education, prospective teachers have acquired a "latent culture" of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values in anticipation of their professional performance. An Australian research team, with this factor in mind, devised a survey questionnaire to examine the process of induction of beginning…

Most traditional counseling methods do not consider the Native American student's world view and values. As a result, he is not able to relate well with the counselor and does not gain insight and self-understanding, so there is a low rate of return for further sessions. A much higher degree of cultural sensitivity needs to be developed in order…

The CETA (Comprehensive Employment and Training Act) Unified Intake Services is a CETA eligibility, assessment, and training program for residents of Tulare County, California. The prime function of the Unified Intake is to assess economically disadvantaged persons and to assist these individuals to obtain appropriate occupational training,…