Reviews approaches for career counseling that should be effective for clients now and into the future, suggests a holistic approach to career counseling, and offers recommendations for career counseling practice. Explains the use of Personal Career Theory as a client-centered approach. (Contains 16 references.) (JOW)

This review analyzes the clinical and client-centered approaches to counseling. Clinical counseling separated from vocational counseling in the third decade of this century. A split took place between guidance and discipline. The mental hygiene movement facilitated this split. In 1942 Carl Rogers made an impact on counseling theory with the…

Presents case examples demonstrating interconnection between career and noncareer issues. Notes that comprehensive and intensive personal exploration is needed to uncover relatedness of seemingly disparate areas of clients' lives. Contends that when comprehensive person-oriented career counseling is done there is recognition and integration of…

Suggests teachers use following steps in counseling students: preparation, introduction, problem definition, solution identification, information gathering, decision making, and follow-up. Discusses role of teacher in directive and non-directive counseling. (DM)

A client centered placement approach for handicapped people is proposed as an alternative to the traditional selective placement method. The client centered placement is based on client responsibility and counselor direction and requires the counselor to have an unrealistic but optimistic attitude that the client will get a suitable job.…

Proposes the concept of "possible selves," which represents the multifaceted aspects of an individual's self-concept, as a means by which employment and career counselors can extend greater empathy to their clients. Possible selves are suggested as a means to encourage greater perspective-taking by both the client and counselor, which…

This model framework consists of client-centered strategies that can help the mid-career changer explore options. The framework presented in this document integrates theoretical and practical applications and can be adapted for use by a variety of campuses to meet the needs of the campus' adult population through individual or group counseling.…

Asserts career counseling too often is associated with objective test scores and rational decision making. Reiterates the importance of considering the client's developing self-concept in career counseling. Provides sample client centered career counseling session. (Author/ABL)

Examines the practice of impartiality among those who provide preentry guidance to adults in three further education colleges in London. Results indicate a complex picture in which impartiality is only one aspect of guidance. Impartiality can be clearly stated in professional codes, but its meanings in practice are less clear. (RJM)

To help clients increase career success and life satisfaction, counselors can elicit and examine clients' concepts about work and love. If client's personal meanings conflict with social meaning of work and love, counselors can link client beliefs to client's career concerns, provoking cognitive dissonance that motivates client to modify beliefs.…

A major survey of career and employment counseling in Canada was completed in 1993, with over 1600 counselors, department heads and managers of counseling centers, and regional directors working in career and employment counseling centers being polled. Survey results indicated: (1) there is a strong need for evaluation in all aspects of career…

THIS PROJECT DETERMINED SUCCESSFUL COUNSELING TECHNIQUES AND THE LENGTH OF TIME NECESSARY TO PREPARE EMPLOYMENT COUNSELORS TO WORK WITH WOMEN 35 TO 54 YEARS OLD, AND PRESENTS A GUIDE TO HELP OTHERS INTERESTED IN SUCH A PROGRAM. RESEARCH WAS CARRIED OUT BY A DIRECTOR, THREE FACULTY MEMBERS WHO PLANNED AND PRESENTED THE EIGHT WEEK CURRICULUM,…

Designed for use by diploma or graduate students in counselor education, this student's manual consists of six units of instructional materials dealing with vocational development theory. Topics of the units are historical and theoretical considerations, trait- and factor-based theory, developmental vocational theory, social and learning-based…

This instructor's manual is designed to assist instructors in the teaching of a half-course in vocational development theory. (The course is geared toward diploma or graduate students in counselor education.) Included in the manual are the following materials: an introduction to a companion student's manual, answers and suggestions for questions…

This self-study manual consists of 10 chapters of instructional materials dealing with different phases of the Systematic Employment Counseling Approach. Topics of the units include the foundations of employment counseling, employment targets, reluctance, strategy implementation, decision-making strategy, learning strategies, self-management…