This comment on the Hackney article (The School Counselor, January, 1973) presents a criticism of premature goal-setting in the counseling process. The author offers an alternative viewpoint of the goal-oriented approach to counseling. (JC)

Two alternative explanations for early defection of female counseling clients were tested. Greater satisfaction with nondirective interviewing by females more likely to defect was found, which favored the catharsis alternative. (Author)

DIRECTIVE AND LESS-DIRECTIVE COUNSELING ARE EXAMINED ON A THEORETICAL BASIS THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY (LR). THE FOLLOWING ARE ASSUMED--(1) THE GOAL OF COUNSELING IN OUR SOCIETY IS INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND EMERGENCE, (2) DIRECTIVE COUNSELING, AN END IN ITSELF, GUIDES THE CLIENT TO PREDETERMINED ADJUSTMENT, AND (3) LESS-DIRECTIVE…

Effects of interpretation and restatement on client expression of self-reference affect in a low-structured interview were examined. Subjects were 40 female volunteers. Interpretation treatment achieved significant positive conditioning of self-reference affect. Restatement treatment achieved significant negative conditioning of the critical…

SINCE THERE ARE SOME WIDELY PREVALENT MISCONCEPTIONS OF CLIENT-CENTERED COUNSELING, ATTENTION IS CALLED TO WHAT CLIENT-CENTERED COUNSELING IS NOT. CONDITIONS WHICH THE CLIENT-CENTERED VIEW HOLDS ARE NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ARE EMPATHIC UNDERSTANDING, UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD, AND SELF-CONGRUENCE. THESE ARE COMMON…

This paper describes a framework for counselors that will help them classify personal and social problems of clients for base-line and end-line comparisons. Counseling's goal, as presented here, is to help individuals for a lifetime; therapy is not seen as the giving of advice or solutions, but as a teaching process through which clients become…

Asserts career counseling too often is associated with objective test scores and rational decision making. Reiterates the importance of considering the client's developing self-concept in career counseling. Provides sample client centered career counseling session. (Author/ABL)

A model for evaluating the counseling interview is presented. It is felt that this model is both comprehensive and systematic in that it relates the kinds of parameters that appear in the counseling literature to the processes and outcomes of counseling. The three process dimensions that are presented include the client, counselor, and milieu…

This paper provides a conceptual, historical, and descriptive overview of the Advocate Counseling Model, which has as its goal helping people to assert maximum control of their lives. The following areas have been condensed and are presented: (1) the definition, scope, and ideology of Advocate Counseling; (2) the relation of Advocate Counseling to…

Designed for use by diploma or graduate students in counselor education, this student's manual consists of six units of instructional materials dealing with vocational development theory. Topics of the units are historical and theoretical considerations, trait- and factor-based theory, developmental vocational theory, social and learning-based…