The relationship between assessment and learning in higher education often comes down to a single thing: a grade. Despite widespread criticism of grades as inexact tools, whose overemphasis undermines student learning and negatively affects student well-being, they continue to be the norm in the assessment of student learning. This paper analyses…

This publication is a compilation of twenty-four studies on Asian experiences with new educational techniques for preparing educational personnel in response to demands for the universalization of education. Ten of the studies were originally presented at a study group which met in Bangkok, Thailand, in the fall of 1978. These studies have been…