The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) defines Non-Traditional Occupations (NTOs) as occupations where specific populations (i.e. one gender or a minority group) are traditionally underrepresented, comprising less than 25 percent of the individuals employed in them. Barriers associated with entry into NTOs can prevent these populations from accessing…

The purpose of this article is to review the extant literature on women in skilled trades and construction to identify specific gaps in our knowledge of the career development processes and needs of this understudied and underserved population. Our aim is to stimulate the interest of scholars and their engagement in research and practice relevant…

Men are choosing to enter nontraditional careers with greater frequency. In this article, the authors examine nontraditional career choices made by men and review current empirical literature relevant to this topic. Gottfredson's (1981, 1996) theory of circumscription and compromise and Holland's (1997) career choice theory are used as frameworks…

Patterns of the gender desegregation process in managerial and professional specialty fields are associated with differences in both occupational growth rates and gender salary levels. Sex desegregation is both widespread among higher-status fields and is increasing over time. (Author)

A study found that women in female-dominated jobs earned 6-15 percent less than women with the same characteristics in other occupations. These results support the hypothesis that women are crowded into "female" jobs because of employer discrimination, resulting in lower wages for these jobs. (JOW)

Identifies the problems that prevent women from entering the construction trades by reviewing laws and their impact and by interviewing the experiences of women who have had nontraditional work experiences in male-dominated fields. Finds that some obstacles have been removed but better enforcement of equal opportunity laws is needed. (Contains 25…

Although progress has been made in solving problems faced by nontraditional workers, much remains to be done. Negative attitudes, lack of information about possible positions, and lack of training are all obstacles encountered in nontraditional occupations. (SK)

A study of 470 Job Training Partnership Act female trainees identified barriers to nontraditional employment: economic, physical, emotional, social, and life experience/education. The survey was also sent to 297 businesses. Results showed that nontraditional trainees do not perceive the same barriers as employers do, and suggestions were made to…

Problems encountered by women conductors and composers in their struggles toward achievement and recognition are discussed. (RM)

A study was conducted to understand why so few of the secondary school principals in New York State are women. Results suggest two possible causes: either sufficient women candidates do not apply for the positions, or sex discrimination still exists. (KH)

The precedents set by contemporary women conductors, the models they represent, and the contributions they have made to music constitute significant reasons for them to remain the focus of attention that will confirm their place in musical history. (RM)

Reviewing measures taken by governments, employers, and workers' organizations, the author concludes that while some factors are helping to increase the number of women in nontraditional jobs, other factors such as unemployment and the institutionalization of occupational segregation are working against it. (Author/SK)

In this analytical essay, the author examines the arguments of comparable worth advocates and explores the notion of an inherently sex-biased job market. (Author)

Compares aspects of the work and private lives of 43 French and 20 Canadian managerial women with careers in essentially male occupations. Issues of socialization, coordination of work and family life, sponsorship in the workplace, sex ratios and division of labor, and equal opportunities are examined. (SK)

The overrepresentation of Black females in traditional occupations stems from the emotions, beliefs, and environmental factors affecting their decision making. Conflicts between sex role socialization and that of Black subculture, as well as discrimination in hiring, are contributing factors. (SK)