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Joginder Singh, Susheel; Iacono, Teresa; Gray, Kylie M. – Journal of Early Intervention, 2014
Children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk of remaining pre-symbolic in their communication and play for prolonged periods. The aim of this study was to explore the early communication and play of children with DS and with CP who communicated at the pre-symbolic stage, and to determine the association between these…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Foreign Countries, Communication Skills

Acredolo, Linda P.; Goodwyn, Susan W. – Human Development, 1985
Describes the spontaneous development of 13 symbolic gestures in a normal infant from 12 to 17 months. Sixteen additional symbolic gestures were purposefully taught. Vocal development was advanced, indicating that gesturing is not necessarily related to poor vocal skills. Data support the hypothesis that sensorimotor behaviors are natural…
Descriptors: Body Language, Language Acquisition, Nonverbal Communication, Sign Language